ArticlePlant biotechnology journal2021
An engineered extraplastidial pathway for carotenoid biofortification of leaves.
Article in Plant biotechnology journal, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 21 papers.
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Who cites it
21 citing papers in PubMed, 40 citations in OpenAlex.
- Effect of Lignosulphonate-Based Biostimulants and Grafting on Watermelon Plant Performance Under Open-Field Conditions for Two Consecutive Years.Plants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Machine learning-assisted single-cell Raman imaging for rapid, sensitive detection and intracellular mapping of carotenoids in plant cell cultures.Plant cell reports · 2026Article
- Carotenoid aggregates negatively impact chlorophyll levels and disrupt chloroplast development in peaches.Molecular horticulture · 2026Article
- A Chemical Probe for Increasing Leaf Tocopherol Levels by Coordinated Modulation of Biosynthesis, Competition and Storage.Plant biotechnology journal · 2026Article
- Elucidating the Molecular Mechanisms of Pulsed Light-Induced Lycopene Accumulation in Tomatoes Through Integrated Multi-Omics Analysis.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- A melon (bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Metabolically engineered plant cell cultures as biofactories for the production of high-value carotenoids astaxanthin and canthaxanthin.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- HMGR Modulates Strawberry Fruit Coloration and Aroma Through Regulating Terpenoid and Anthocyanin Pathways.Foods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Using Agrobacterium tumefaciens to Assemble Multi-step Metabolic Pathways in Nicotiana benthamiana.Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.) · 2025Article
- Research progress on differentiation and regulation of plant chromoplasts.Molecular biology reports · 2024Review
- Broad-spectrum ubiquitin/ubiquitin-like deconjugation activity of the rhizobial effector NopD from Bradyrhizobium (sp. XS1150).Communications biology · 2024Article
- Plant Engineering to Enable Platforms for Sustainable Bioproduction of Terpenoids.Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.) · 2024Review
- MEP pathway products allosterically promote monomerization of deoxy-D-xylulose-5-phosphate synthase to feedback-regulate their supply.Plant communications · 2023Article
- Nutritional Enrichment of Plant Leaves by Combining Genes Promoting Tocopherol Biosynthesis and Storage.Metabolites · 2023Article
- Open avenues for carotenoid biofortification of plant tissues.Plant communications · 2023Review
- Changing biosynthesis of terpenoid percursors in rice through synthetic biology.Frontiers in plant science · 2023Article
- Fruit ripening: dynamics and integrated analysis of carotenoids and anthocyanins.BMC plant biology · 2022Review
- Roles of plastid-located phosphate transporters in carotenoid accumulation.Frontiers in plant science · 2022Review
- Carotenoid metabolism: New insights and synthetic approaches.Frontiers in plant science · 2022Review
- Chloroplast-to-chromoplast transition envisions provitamin A biofortification in green vegetables.Plant cell reports · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
12 authors at 4 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Carotenoids are lipophilic plastidial isoprenoids highly valued as nutrients and natural pigments. A correct balance of chlorophylls and carotenoids is required for photosynthesis and therefore highly regulated, making carotenoid enrichment of green tissues challenging. Here we show that leaf carotenoid levels can be boosted through engineering their biosynthesis outside the chloroplast. Transient expression experiments in Nicotiana benthamiana leaves indicated that high extraplastidial production of carotenoids requires an enhanced supply of their isoprenoid precursors in the cytosol, which was achieved using a deregulated form of the main rate-determining enzyme of the mevalonic acid (MVA) pathway. Constructs encoding bacterial enzymes were used to convert these MVA-derived precursors into carotenoid biosynthetic intermediates that do not normally accumulate in leaves, such as phytoene and lycopene. Cytosolic versions of these enzymes produced extraplastidial carotenoids at levels similar to those of total endogenous (i.e. chloroplast) carotenoids. Strategies to enhance the development of endomembrane structures and lipid bodies as potential extraplastidial carotenoid storage systems were not successful to further increase carotenoid contents. Phytoene was found to be more bioaccessible when accumulated outside plastids, whereas lycopene formed cytosolic crystalloids very similar to those found in the chromoplasts of ripe tomatoes. This extraplastidial production of phytoene and lycopene led to an increased antioxidant capacity of leaves. Finally, we demonstrate that our system can be adapted for the biofortification of leafy vegetables such as lettuce.
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