ReviewMovement disorders : official journal of the Movement Disorder Society2021
Genetic and Environmental Factors in Parkinson's Disease Converge on Immune Function and Inflammation.
Review in Movement disorders : official journal of the Movement Disorder Society, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 83 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
83 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 129 citations in OpenAlex.
- Proton pump inhibitors and risk of Parkinson's disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology · 2026Pooled it
- Hypoxia and Alpha-Synuclein: Inextricable Link Underlying the Pathologic Progression of Parkinson's Disease.Frontiers in aging neuroscience · 2022Pooled it
- Article
- Neuroinflammation in Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases: pathogenic mechanisms and therapeutic strategies.Translational neurodegeneration · 2026Review
- Parkinson's disease as a multi-axis systems disorder: integrating molecular pathology and circuit-level therapeutics.Cell communication and signaling : CCS · 2026Review
- Regulator of G protein signaling 10: a critical regulator of chronic systemic inflammation in parkinson's disease.Journal of neuroinflammation · 2026Review
- Commentary: Pesticides andJournal of Parkinson's disease · 2026Article
- Neurotransmitter Dysregulation in Parkinson's Disease: Pathophysiological Insights and Therapeutic Perspectives.ACS chemical neuroscience · 2026Review
- New Vistas for Withania somnifera in Signal Transduction of Inflammation and Aging.Pharmaceutical research · 2026Review
- The potential role of adenosinergic pathway and methylxanthines in Parkinson's disease: Blowing in the wind or not.Purinergic signalling · 2026Review
- Identification of Gene Signatures and Molecular Mechanisms for Diagnosing Parkinson's Disease and Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Using Machine Learning.Parkinson's disease · 2026Article
- Parkinson's Disease: Immunometabolic Control Points Across Neural, Vascular, and Peripheral Systems.Parkinson's disease · 2026Review
- Predictive modeling of motor symptom severity and stage classification in Parkinson's disease using machine learning methods with selected multiple serological biomarkers.BMC neurology · 2025Article
- Inhibition of T cell infiltration and soluble TNF signaling is neuroprotective in the alpha-synuclein overexpressing mouse model of Parkinson's disease.NPJ Parkinson's disease · 2025Article
- "Recommendations for clinical study protocols for immune and inflammatory profiling in Parkinson's disease".NPJ Parkinson's disease · 2025Review
- A multi-dimensional view on the etiology of Parkinson's disease.NPJ Parkinson's disease · 2025Review
- Identifying Druggable Inflammatory Proteins Causally Contributing to Parkinson's Disease.Brain and behavior · 2025Article
- Neurological perspectives and gastroenterological motility diseases: ten lessons from clinical practice.Clinical autonomic research : official journal of the Clinical Autonomic Research Society · 2025Article
- Parkinson's Disease: Bridging Gaps, Building Biomarkers, and Reimagining Clinical Translation.Cells · 2025Review
- An Updated and Comprehensive Review Exploring the Gut-Brain Axis in Neurodegenerative Disorders and Neurotraumas: Implications for Therapeutic Strategies.Brain sciences · 2025Review
23 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Idiopathic Parkinson's disease (iPD) is a movement disorder characterized by the degeneration of dopaminergic neurons and aggregation of the protein α-synuclein. Patients with iPD vary in age of symptom onset, rate of progression, severity of motor and non-motor symptoms, and extent of central and peripheral inflammation. Genetic and environmental factors are believed to act synergistically in iPD pathogenesis. We propose that environmental factors (pesticides and infections) increase the risk for iPD via the immune system and that the role of PD risk genes in immune cells is worthy of investigation. This review highlights the major PD-relevant genes expressed in immune cells and key environmental factors that activate immune cells and, alone or in combination with other factors, may contribute to iPD pathogenesis. By reviewing these interactions, we seek to enable the future development of immunomodulatory approaches to prevent or delay onset of iPD. © 2020 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
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Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.