SynthesisAlimentary pharmacology & therapeutics2021
Systematic review with meta-analysis: safety and tolerability of immune checkpoint inhibitors in patients with pre-existing inflammatory bowel diseases.
Synthesis in Alimentary pharmacology & therapeutics, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 44 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
44 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 76 citations in OpenAlex.
- A systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies and uncontrolled trials reporting on the use of checkpoint blockers in patients with cancer and pre-existing autoimmune disease.European journal of cancer (Oxford, England : 1990) · 2024Pooled it
- Prognostic significance of the CRAFITY score in hepatocellular carcinoma treated with immunotherapy: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC cancer · 2023Pooled it
- Inflammatory bowel disease and breast cancer: epidemiological evidence, shared biology, and clinical management.Inflammation research : official journal of the European Histamine Research Society ... [et al.] · 2026Review
- Review
- Treatment and outcomes of immunotherapy related colitis and hepatitis- a multi-centre cohort study in the United Kingdom by the National Oncology Trainee Collaborative for Healthcare Research (NOTCH).Supportive care in cancer : official journal of the Multinational Association of Supportive Care in Cancer · 2026Article
- Diverting Loop Ileostomy as an Alternative to Emergent Colectomy in Acute Severe Ulcerative Colitis Flare following Checkpoint-Inhibitor Therapy.Inflammatory bowel diseases · 2026Article
- Immune-Mediated Colitis Induced by Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors: Pathophysiology, Clinical Management, and the Emerging Role of Fecal Microbiota Transplantation.Biomedicines · 2026Review
- Immunophenotyping of Mouse Colonic Unconventional T Cells by Mapping Cell Phenomics With 22-Color Flow Cytometry Assays.Phenomics (Cham, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Efficacy and safety of immune checkpoint inhibitors in advanced biliary tract cancer: a real-world study.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- Inflammatory Bowel Disease and Colorectal Cancer.Cancers · 2024Review
- Adjuvant Therapy for High-Risk Stage II Melanoma: Current Paradigms in Management and Future Directions.Cancers · 2024Review
- Histopathologic Features of Unmasked Inflammatory Bowel Disease Following Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor Therapy in Colon Biopsies.Gastro hep advances · 2024Article
- Hepatocellular Carcinoma: The Role of Immunotherapy and Transplantation in the Era of Transplant Oncology.Cancers · 2023Review
- Review
- Article
- Article
- Review
- Immunotherapy for Colorectal Cancer with High Microsatellite Instability: The Ongoing Search for Biomarkers.Cancers · 2023Review
- Article
- Adjuvant Therapy for High-Risk Melanoma: An In-Depth Examination of the State of the Field.Cancers · 2023Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundImmune checkpoint inhibitors may variably impact patients with pre-existing autoimmune diseases.
aimsTo evaluate the risks and outcomes of adverse events in patients with pre-existing inflammatory bowel diseases treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors.
methodsThrough a systematic literature review up until July 31, 2020, we identified 12 studies reporting the impact of immune checkpoint inhibitors in 193 patients with inflammatory bowel disease. Outcomes of interest were relapse of inflammatory bowel disease, need for corticosteroids and/or biologics to manage inflammatory bowel disease relapse, and discontinuation of immune checkpoint inhibitors. We calculated pooled rates (with 95% confidence intervals [CI]) using random effects meta-analysis, and examined risk factors associated with adverse outcomes through qualitative synthesis of individual studies.
resultsOn meta-analysis, 40% patients (95% CI, 26%-55%) experienced relapse of inflammatory bowel disease with immune checkpoint inhibitors. Among patients who experienced relapse, 76% (95% CI, 65%-85%) required corticosteroids, and 37% (95% CI, 22%-53%) required biologic therapy. Overall, 35% patients (95% CI, 17%-57%) with inflammatory bowel disease discontinued immune checkpoint inhibitors. Gastrointestinal perforation and abdominal surgery due to immune checkpoint inhibitor complications occurred in <5% patients. In a large study, inhibitors of cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen-4 (CTLA-4) were associated with a higher risk of relapse than programmed cell death 1 (PD-1) and programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) inhibitors.
conclusionsApproximately 40% of patients with pre-existing inflammatory bowel diseases experience relapse with immune checkpoint inhibitors, with most relapsing patients requiring corticosteroids and one-third requiring biologics. CTLA-4 inhibitors may be associated with higher risk of relapse.
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