ArticleProtein & cell2021
Host metabolism dysregulation and cell tropism identification in human airway and alveolar organoids upon SARS-CoV-2 infection.
Article in Protein & cell, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 66 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
66 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 101 citations in OpenAlex.
- Advancing lung organoids toward clinical applications: a global perspective on research focus and future directions.Frontiers in medicine · 2025Pooled it
- When stem cells meet COVID-19: recent advances, challenges and future perspectives.Stem cell research & therapy · 2022Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Alveolar organoids: from model systems to applications in respiratory diseases.Journal of translational medicine · 2026Review
- Organoids Gone Viral: A Comprehensive Review on Human Organoid Models to Study Viral Pathogenesis.Viruses · 2026Review
- Tropism, replication competence, and cellular responses of HAdV-14p1 in human airway organoids.iScience · 2026Article
- Organoid for Air Pollution Toxicity Assessment: Advances and Environmental Applicability.Environment & health (Washington, D.C.) · 2025Review
- MERS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2 infection in diverse human lung organoid-derived cultures.Journal of virology · 2025Article
- Modeling of lung-liver interaction during infection in a human fluidic organ-on-a-chip.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Organoids: physiologically relevantJournal of virology · 2025Review
- A Human Immuno-Lung Organoid Model to Study Macrophage-Mediated Lung Cell Senescence Upon SARS-CoV-2 Infection.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2025Article
- Respiratory microphysiological system in respiratory research: recent advances and future prospects.Respiratory research · 2025Review
- The influence of SARS-CoV-2 spike protein exposure on retinal development in the human retinal organoids.Cell & bioscience · 2025Article
- Human Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Alveolar Organoids for Gene-editing and Lung Adenocarcinomas Modeling.International journal of biological sciences · 2025Article
- Building a human lung from pluripotent stem cells to model respiratory viral infections.Respiratory research · 2024Review
- Article
- The use of human iPSC-derived alveolar organoids to explore SARS-CoV-2 variant infections and host responses.Journal of medical virology · 2024Article
- Microfluidic strategies for biomimetic lung chip establishment and SARS-CoV2 study.Materials today. Bio · 2024Review
- Human Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Alveolar Organoids: Cellular Heterogeneity and Maturity.Tuberculosis and respiratory diseases · 2024Article
- Analysis of gene expression dynamics and differential expression in viral infections using generalized linear models and quasi-likelihood methods.Frontiers in microbiology · 2024Article
6 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
15 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is caused by infection with the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), which is spread primary via respiratory droplets and infects the lungs. Currently widely used cell lines and animals are unable to accurately mimic human physiological conditions because of the abnormal status of cell lines (transformed or cancer cells) and species differences between animals and humans. Organoids are stem cell-derived self-organized three-dimensional culture in vitro and model the physiological conditions of natural organs. Here we showed that SARS-CoV-2 infected and extensively replicated in human embryonic stem cells (hESCs)-derived lung organoids, including airway and alveolar organoids which covered the complete infection and spread route for SARS-CoV-2 within lungs. The infected cells were ciliated, club, and alveolar type 2 (AT2) cells, which were sequentially located from the proximal to the distal airway and terminal alveoli, respectively. Additionally, RNA-seq revealed early cell response to virus infection including an unexpected downregulation of the metabolic processes, especially lipid metabolism, in addition to the well-known upregulation of immune response. Further, Remdesivir and a human neutralizing antibody potently inhibited SARS-CoV-2 replication in lung organoids. Therefore, human lung organoids can serve as a pathophysiological model to investigate the underlying mechanism of SARS-CoV-2 infection and to discover and test therapeutic drugs for COVID-19.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.