Evidence map›Paper›PMID 33313967›Full record

ReviewCurrent allergy and asthma reports2020

Mechanisms of Allergen Immunotherapy in Allergic Rhinitis.

Gabija Drazdauskaitė, Janice A Layhadi, Mohamed H Shamji

Open access · hybridAbstract readReview
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Review in Current allergy and asthma reports, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 94 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
94citing papers in PubMed, 3 pooled it
11.3field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

94 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 178 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
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  6. Intralymphatic immunotherapy with birch and grass pollen extracts. A randomized double-blind placebo-controlled clinical trial.Clinical and experimental allergy : journal of the British Society for Allergy and Clinical Immunology · 2023
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  15. IL-21 expression during sublingual immunotherapy for allergic rhinitis.American journal of clinical and experimental immunology · 2026
    Article
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  20. Review

34 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.

Gabija DrazdauskaitėImmunomodulation and Tolerance Group, Allergy & Clinical Immunology, Inflammation, Repair and Development, National Heart & Lung Institute, Imperial College London, 1st Floor, Room 111, Sir Alexander Fleming Building, South Kensington Campus, London, SW7 2AZ, UK.
Janice A LayhadiImmunomodulation and Tolerance Group, Allergy & Clinical Immunology, Inflammation, Repair and Development, National Heart & Lung Institute, Imperial College London, 1st Floor, Room 111, Sir Alexander Fleming Building, South Kensington Campus, London, SW7 2AZ, UK.
Mohamed H ShamjiImmunomodulation and Tolerance Group, Allergy & Clinical Immunology, Inflammation, Repair and Development, National Heart & Lung Institute, Imperial College London, 1st Floor, Room 111, Sir Alexander Fleming Building, South Kensington Campus, London, SW7 2AZ, UK. m.shamji@imperial.ac.uk.ORCID 0000-0003-3425-3463
Imperial College London · GB

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

purpose of reviewAllergic rhinitis (AR) is a chronic inflammatory immunoglobulin (Ig) E-mediated disease of the nasal mucosa that can be triggered by the inhalation of seasonal or perennial allergens. Typical symptoms include sneezing, rhinorrhea, nasal itching, nasal congestion and symptoms of allergic conjunctivitis. AR affects a quarter of the population in the United States of America and Europe. RECENT

findingsAR has been shown to reduce work productivity in 36-59% of the patients with 20% reporting deteriorated job attendance. Moreover, 42% of children with AR report reduced at-school productivity and lower grades. Most importantly, AR impacts the patient's quality of life, due to sleep deprivation. However, a proportion of patients fails to respond to conventional medication and opts for the allergen immunotherapy (AIT), which currently is the only disease-modifying therapeutic option. AIT can be administered by either subcutaneous (SCIT) or sublingual (SLIT) route. Both routes of administration are safe, effective, and can lead to tolerance lasting years after treatment cessation. Both innate and adaptive immune responses that contribute to allergic inflammation are suppressed by AIT. Innate responses are ameliorated by reducing local mast cell, basophil, eosinophil, and circulating group 2 innate lymphoid cell frequencies which is accompanied by decreased basophil sensitivity. Induction of allergen-specific blocking antibodies, immunosuppressive cytokines, and regulatory T and B cell phenotypes are key pro-tolerogenic adaptive immune responses.

conclusionA comprehensive understanding of these mechanisms is necessary for optimal selection of AIT-responsive patients and monitoring treatment efficacy. Moreover, it could inspire novel and more efficient AIT approaches.

Indexed as

Desensitization, ImmunologicFemaleHumansMaleQuality of LifeRhinitis, AllergicUnited StatesAllergen immunotherapyAllergic rhinitisB cellDendritic cellsInnate and adaptive immune responseInnate lymphoid cellsT cells

Identifiers

PMID33313967
PMCPMC7733588
OpenAlexW3111084114

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.