ArticleClinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America2021
Human Immunodeficiency Virus Is Associated With Higher Levels of Systemic Inflammation Among Kenyan Adults Despite Viral Suppression.
Article in Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers.
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Who cites it
14 citing papers in PubMed, 18 citations in OpenAlex.
- Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatohepatitis and the Progression of Cognitive Decline in Older Thai People With HIV.Journal of the International AIDS Society · 2026Article
- Long-Term Neurologic Exam Findings in People Diagnosed and Treated During Acute HIV Infection.Annals of clinical and translational neurology · 2026Article
- Paracrine signals from HIV-1-infected immune cells reprogram cervical cancer pathways.iScience · 2026Article
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- From Steatosis to Immunosenescence: The Impact of Metabolic Dysfunction on Immune Aging in HIV and Non-HIV Populations.Biomedicines · 2025Review
- Dopamine-driven increase in IL-1β in myeloid cells is mediated by differential dopamine receptor expression and exacerbated by HIV.Journal of neuroinflammation · 2025Article
- Comparative analysis of inflammatory markers in HIV-positive individuals on antiretroviral therapy versus HIV-negative individuals in South Africa.African journal of laboratory medicine · 2025Article
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- Accelerated aging in people living with HIV: The neuroimmune feedback model.Brain, behavior, & immunity - health · 2024Article
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- Heroin Use Is Associated With Vascular Inflammation in Human Immunodeficiency Virus.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2023Article
- Inflammation markers and the risk of hypertension in people living with HIV.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Article
- Different Trends of Distinct Time Points of AIDS Events Following HIV Diagnosis in Various At-risk Populations: A Retrospective Nationwide Cohort Study in Taiwan.Infectious diseases and therapy · 2021Article
- Risk of Cardiovascular Disease Among People Living With HIV With Immunological Nonresponse.Journal of the International Association of Providers of AIDS CareArticle
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Authors and funding
18 authors at 6 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundSystemic inflammation independently predicts future cardiovascular events and is associated with a 2-fold increase in cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk among persons living with human immunodeficiency virus (PLHIV). We examined the association between inflammatory markers, HIV status, and traditional CVD risk factors.
methodsWe conducted a cross-sectional study of Kenyan adults with and without HIV seeking care at Kisumu County Hospital. Using a multiplex immunoassay, we measured interleukin (IL) 1β, IL-6, tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) concentrations. We compared inflammatory marker concentrations by HIV status using the Wilcoxon rank-sum test. Multivariable linear regression was used to evaluate associations between inflammatory biomarkers and HIV status, adjusting for CVD risk factors.
resultsWe enrolled 286 PLHIV and 277 HIV-negative participants. Median duration of antiretroviral therapy for PLHIV was 8 years (interquartile range, 4-10) and 96% were virally suppressed. PLHIV had a 51% higher mean IL-6 concentration (P < .001), 39% higher mean IL-1β (P = .005), 40% higher mean TNF-α (P < .001), and 27% higher mean hsCRP (P = .008) compared with HIV-negative participants, independent of CVD risk factors. Male sex, older age, and obesity were associated with higher concentrations of inflammatory markers. Restricting to PLHIV, viral load of ≥1000 copies/mL was associated with higher TNF-α levels (P = .013).
conclusionsWe found higher levels of systemic inflammatory biomarkers among PLHIV who were virally suppressed, and this was independent of traditional CVD risk factors. Further longitudinal analyses to determine whether these inflammatory markers predict future CVD events, and are possible therapeutic targets among PLHIV, are warranted.
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