ArticleHeliyon2020
HMGB1 as a potential biomarker and therapeutic target for severe COVID-19.
Article in Heliyon, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 106 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
106 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 149 citations in OpenAlex.
- The role of vitamin B12 in viral infections: a comprehensive review of its relationship with the muscle-gut-brain axis and implications for SARS-CoV-2 infection.Nutrition reviews · 2022Pooled it
- Efficacy and safety of CD24Fc in hospitalised patients with COVID-19: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 3 study.The Lancet. Infectious diseases · 2022Trial
- Tumour Necrosis Factor-α Promotes Pyroptosis in Diabetic Liver Injury via the HMGB1/TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB Pathway.Journal of cellular and molecular medicine · 2026Article
- New Insights into Atonic Postpartum Hemorrhage: Animal Model Construction Based on Placental Nanodelivery Systems.Advanced healthcare materials · 2026Article
- Dualistic Roles of High Mobility Group Box 1 in Cancer and Inflammation.Cancer medicine · 2025Review
- Nociceptor α7nAChR activation blunts neuronal HMGB1 release and attenuates inflammation and nociceptive behavior.Molecular medicine (Cambridge, Mass.) · 2025Article
- Zileuton Attenuates Acute Kidney Injury in Glycerol-Induced Rhabdomyolysis by Regulating Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells in Mice.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Direct interaction of HMGB1 with SARS-CoV-2 facilitates its infection via RAGE-dependent endocytosis.iScience · 2025Article
- Virus and cell specific HMGB1 secretion and subepithelial infiltrate formation in adenovirus keratitis.PLoS pathogens · 2025Article
- Review
- From trauma to depression: structural, synaptic, epigenetic, and molecular pathways linking early stress to lifelong vulnerability.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2025Review
- Immune aging and infectious diseases.Chinese medical journal · 2024Review
- TIM3 in COVID-19; A potential hallmark?Heliyon · 2024Review
- Proteomic Profile Regulated by the Immunomodulatory Jusvinza Drug in Neutrophils Isolated from Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients.Biomedicines · 2024Article
- The dysfunction of complement and coagulation in diseases: the implications for the therapeutic interventions.MedComm · 2024Review
- High mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) is a potential disease biomarker in cell and mouse models of Duchenne muscular dystrophy.Biology open · 2024Article
- Article
- The Role of Heparin in Postural Orthostatic Tachycardia Syndrome and Other Post-Acute Sequelae of COVID-19.Journal of clinical medicine · 2024Review
- Comprehensive analysis of immunogenic cell death-related gene and construction of prediction model based on WGCNA and multiple machine learning in severe COVID-19.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Article
46 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
10 authors at 5 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
COVID-19 has attracted global attention due to its rapid spread around the world with substantial morbidity and associated mortality. Severe COVID-19 can be complicated by the acute respiratory distress syndrome, sepsis and septic shock leading to death. These complications are thought to result from an overactivation of the immune system, leading to a cytokine storm syndrome associated with multiple organ failure. Here, we report that high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1), a prototypical damage-associated molecular pattern (DAMP) and a central mediator of lethal inflammation, could be a potential target for innovative therapeutic strategies for COVID-19. Serum HMGB1 in severe COVID-19 patients is elevated (189.40 ± 140.88 ng/ml). Exogenous HMGB1 induces the expression of SARS-CoV-2 entry receptor ACE2 in alveolar epithelial cells in an AGER-dependent manner. Importantly, genetic (using AGER siRNA) or pharmacological (using glycyrrhizin, chloroquine, hydroxychloroquine, and FPS-ZM1) inhibition of the HMGB1-AGER pathway blocks ACE2 expression. Thus, HMGB1 inhibitors are likewise promising drug candidates for the treatment of patients suffering from COVID-19.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.