ArticleFrontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology2020
Increased Muscle Activity Accompanying With Decreased Complexity as Spasticity Appears: High-Density EMG-Based Case Studies on Stroke Patients.
Article in Frontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT07321158 (The Effectiveness of High Versus Low Pulse Duration Neuromuscular Electrical Stimulation), which is not on this map. Cited by 10 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
The Effectiveness of High Versus Low Pulse Duration Neuromuscular Electrical Stimulation (NMES) in Patients With Upper Limb Pyramidal Tract-related Spasticity Measured by Neurophysiological Tools: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Who cites it
10 citing papers in PubMed, 17 citations in OpenAlex.
- Effects of ischemic conditioning on microvascular reactivity to single passive limb movement in young adults: a pilot study.European journal of applied physiology · 2025Trial
- The NuroSleeve, a user-centered 3D printed hybrid orthosis for individuals with upper extremity impairment.Journal of neuroengineering and rehabilitation · 2023Trial
- Post-Stroke Motor Fatigability: Defining and Studying the Impairments That Emerge During Prolonged Motor Tasks.Neurorehabilitation and neural repair · 2026Review
- Application of digital image correlation to study the activity and functional heterogeneity of the human temporalis muscleFrontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology · 2026Article
- Development and preliminary validation of a multimodal instrument for spasticity quantification using a composite index: A pilot study.PloS one · 2026Article
- A Comprehensive Understanding of Postural Tone Biomechanics: Intrinsic Stiffness, Functional Stiffness, Antagonist Coactivation, and COP Dynamics in Post-Stroke Adults.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Remote Monitoring for the Management of Spasticity: Challenges, Opportunities and Proposed Technological Solution.IEEE open journal of engineering in medicine and biology · 2025Article
- Pedaling Asymmetry Reflected by Bilateral EMG Complexity in Chronic Stroke.Entropy (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Improved Multi-Stream Convolutional Block Attention Module for sEMG-Based Gesture Recognition.Frontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology · 2022Article
- Dynamic Gesture Recognition Using Surface EMG Signals Based on Multi-Stream Residual Network.Frontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Spasticity is a major contributor to pain, disabilities and many secondary complications after stroke. Investigating the effect of spasticity on neuromuscular function in stroke patients may facilitate the development of its clinical treatment, while the underlying mechanism of spasticity still remains unclear. The aim of this study is to explore the difference in the neuromuscular response to passive stretch between healthy subjects and stroke patients with spasticity. Five healthy subjects and three stroke patients with spastic elbow flexor were recruited to complete the passive stretch at four angular velocities (10°/s, 60°/s, 120°/s, and 180°/s) performed by an isokinetic dynamometer. Meanwhile, the 64-channel electromyography (EMG) signals from biceps brachii muscle were recorded. The root mean square (RMS) and fuzzy entropy (FuzzyEn) of EMG recordings of each channel were calculated, and the relationship between the average value of RMS and FuzzyEn over 64-channel was examined. The two groups showed similar performance from results that RMS increased and FuzzyEn decreased with the increment of stretch velocity, and the RMS was negatively correlated with FuzzyEn. The difference is that stroke patients showed higher RMS and lower FuzzyEn during quick stretch than the healthy group. Furthermore, compared with the healthy group, distinct variations of spatial distribution within the spastic muscle were found in the EMG activity of stroke patients. These results suggested that a large number of motor units were recruited synchronously in the presence of spasticity, and this recruitment pattern was non-uniform in the whole muscle. Using a combination of RMS and FuzzyEn calculated from high-density EMG (HD-EMG) recordings can provide an innovative insight into the physiological mechanism underlying spasticity, and FuzzyEn could potentially be used as a new indicator for spasticity, which would be beneficial to clinical intervention and further research on spasticity.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.