Evidence map›Paper›PMID 33310655›Full record

ReviewCurrent opinion in biotechnology2021

Enhancing phage therapy through synthetic biology and genome engineering.

Bryan R Lenneman, Jonas Fernbach, Martin J Loessner, Timothy K Lu, Samuel Kilcher

Open access · hybridAbstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Current opinion in biotechnology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 116 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
116citing papers in PubMed, 2 pooled it
12.2field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

116 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 181 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Pooled it
  3. Review
  4. Prophage-Derived Molecules as Anti-Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026
    Review
  5. Review
  6. Characterization of a novel phage-plasmid vB_EcoM_ED targeting multidrug-resistant Escherichia coli isolates.European journal of clinical microbiology & infectious diseases : official publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology · 2026
    Article
  7. Review
  8. Review
  9. Review
  10. Article
  11. Review
  12. Review
  13. Review
  14. Review
  15. Phage-Based Approaches to ChronicAntibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026
    Review
  16. A fully synthetic Golden Gate assembly system for engineering aProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2026
    Article
  17. Review
  18. Article
  19. Antimicrobial Resistance: How Can We Overcome the Problem?Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026
    Review
  20. Article

56 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.

Bryan R LennemanResearch Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Synthetic Biology Center, MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
Jonas FernbachInstitute of Food, Nutrition, and Health, ETH Zürich, Schmelzbergstrasse 7, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland.
Martin J LoessnerInstitute of Food, Nutrition, and Health, ETH Zürich, Schmelzbergstrasse 7, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland.
Timothy K LuResearch Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Synthetic Biology Center, MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Department of Biological Engineering, MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
Samuel KilcherInstitute of Food, Nutrition, and Health, ETH Zürich, Schmelzbergstrasse 7, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland. Electronic address: samuel.kilcher@hest.ethz.ch.
ETH Zurich · CHIIT@MIT · US

Funding

MIT Center for Integrative Synthetic BiologyP50GM098792 · NIGMS · MASSACHUSETTS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY · PI WEISS, RON · 2013 to 2017
$11.0M
Mucin Glycans in the Regulation of Microbial VirulenceR01EB017755 · NIBIB · MASSACHUSETTS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY · PI RIBBECK, KATHARINA · 2013 to 2022
$3.6M
High-Throughput Nanoscale Approaches to Studying and Inhibiting Amyloid ToxicityDP2OD008435 · OD · MASSACHUSETTS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY · PI LU, TIMOTHY · 2011 to 2011
$2.4M
Engineering “Phagebody” Antimicrobials for Carbapenem-Resistant EnterobacteriaceaeR33AI121669 · NIAID · MASSACHUSETTS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY · PI LU, TIMOTHY · 2018 to 2020
$1.3M
Development of Novel Bacteriophages Targeting Enteric Bacterial PathogensR21AI146405 · NIAID · MASSACHUSETTS GENERAL HOSPITAL · PI FAHERTY, CHRISTINA S, LU, TIMOTHY · 2020 to 2021
$540k
NIAID NIH HHS R21 AI146405NIAID NIH HHS R33 AI121669NIBIB NIH HHS R01 EB017755NIGMS NIH HHS P50 GM098792NIH HHS DP2 OD008435
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The antimicrobial and therapeutic efficacy of bacteriophages is currently limited, mostly due to rapid emergence of phage-resistance and the inability of most phage isolates to bind and infect a broad range of clinical strains. Here, we discuss how phage therapy can be improved through recent advances in genetic engineering. First, we outline how receptor-binding proteins and their relevant structural domains are engineered to redirect phage specificity and to avoid resistance. Next, we summarize how phages are reprogrammed as prokaryotic gene therapy vectors that deliver antimicrobial 'payload' proteins, such as sequence-specific nucleases, to target defined cells within complex microbiomes. Finally, we delineate big data- and novel artificial intelligence-driven approaches that may guide the design of improved synthetic phage in the future.

Indexed as

BacteriophagesPhage TherapyArtificial IntelligenceGenetic EngineeringSynthetic Biology

Identifiers

PMID33310655
PMCPMC11996084
OpenAlexW3112990061

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.