ArticleThe Science of the total environment2021
Monitoring drug consumption in Innsbruck during coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) lockdown by wastewater analysis.
Article in The Science of the total environment, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 46 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
46 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Current state and future perspectives on de facto population markers for normalization in wastewater-based epidemiology: A systematic literature review.The Science of the total environment · 2024Pooled it
- Changes in alcohol use during the COVID-19 pandemic in Europe: A meta-analysis of observational studies.Drug and alcohol review · 2022Pooled it
- Estimation of Beta-Blocker Consumption in the Urban Population Using the Wastewater-Based Epidemiology Approach.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- A Surveillance of Paracetamol and Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drug Consumption in Cluj-Napoca, Romania, Using Wastewater-Based Epidemiology.Metabolites · 2025Article
- Exploring Domestic Discharge Patterns in Wastewater through LC-HRMS Screening and Temporal Clustering.Environmental science & technology · 2025Article
- Insights into respiratory illness at the population level through parallel analysis of pharmaceutical and viral markers in wastewater.Nature water · 2025Article
- Pharmaceutical and Recreational Drug Usage Patterns during and Post COVID-19 Determined by Wastewater-Based Epidemiology.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2024Article
- Assessing the effects of COVID-19 restrictions on alcohol consumption in Melbourne, Australia using high-resolution wastewater sampling.The Science of the total environment · 2023Article
- Trends and challenges in analytical chemistry for multi-analysis of illicit drugs employing wastewater-based epidemiology.Analytical and bioanalytical chemistry · 2023Article
- The occurrence of emerging compounds in real urban wastewater before and after the COVID-19 pandemic in Cali, Colombia.Current opinion in environmental science & health · 2023Review
- Comprehensive micropollutant characterization of wastewater during Covid-19 crisis in 2020: Suspect screening and environmental risk prioritization strategy.The Science of the total environment · 2023Article
- Drug consumption in German cities and municipalities during the COVID-19 lockdown: a wastewater analysis.Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology · 2023Article
- Monitoring Alcohol Consumption in Slovak Cities during the COVID-19 Lockdown by Wastewater-Based Epidemiology.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2023Article
- Wastewater-based monitoring of illicit drugs in Cyprus by UPLC-MS/MS: The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic.The Science of the total environment · 2023Article
- Drug use among medical students in São Paulo, Brazil: a cross-sectional study during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic.Sao Paulo medical journal = Revista paulista de medicina · 2023Article
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- Population Health Metrics During the Early Stages of the COVID-19 Pandemic: Correlative Pilot Study.JMIR formative research · 2022Article
- Ecofriendly and sustainableArabian journal of chemistry · 2022Article
- Impact of COVID- 19 pandemic on antidepressants consumptions by wastewater analysis in Turkey.The Science of the total environment · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
12 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has developed into a serious pandemic with millions of cases diagnosed worldwide. To fight COVID-19 pandemic, over 100 countries instituted either a full or partial lockdown, affecting billions of people. In Tyrol, first lockdown measures were taken on 10 March 2020. On 16 March 2020, a curfew went into force which ended on 1 May 2020. On 19 March 2020, Tyrol as a whole was placed in quarantine which ended on 7 April 2020. The governmental actions helped reducing the spread of COVID-19 at the cost of significant effects on social life and behaviour. Accordingly, to provide a comprehensive picture of the population health status not only input from medical and biological sciences is required, but also from other sciences able to provide lifestyle information such as drug use. Herein, wastewater-based epidemiology was used for studying temporal trends of licit and illicit drug consumption during lockdown and quarantine in the area of the Tyrolean capital Innsbruck (174,000 inhabitants). On 35 days between 12 March 2020 and 15 April 2020, loads of 23 markers were monitored in wastewater. Loads determined on 292 days between March 2016 and January 2020 served as reference. During lockdown, changes in the consumption patterns of recreational drugs (i.e. cocaine, amphetamine, 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine, methamphetamine, and alcohol) and pharmaceuticals for short-term application (i.e. acetaminophen, codeine, and trimethoprim) were detected. For illicit drugs and alcohol, it is very likely that observed changes were linked to the shutdown of the hospitality industry and event cancelation which led to a reduced demand of these compounds particularly on weekends. For the pharmaceuticals, further work will be necessary to clarify if the observed declines are indicators of improved population health or of some kind of restraining effect that reduced the number of consultations of medical doctors and pharmacies.
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