ReviewThe Science of the total environment2021
A review of data for quantifying human exposures to micro and nanoplastics and potential health risks.
Review in The Science of the total environment, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 63 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
63 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Systematic review of microplastics and nanoplastics in indoor and outdoor air: identifying a framework and data needs for quantifying human inhalation exposures.Journal of exposure science & environmental epidemiology · 2024Pooled it
- Micro- and nanoplastics in pediatric health: from placental transfer to neurodevelopmental outcomes.Pediatric research · 2026Review
- Long-Term Industrial Emissions Exposure and Cognitive Impairment in Older U.S. Adults: A Longitudinal Cohort Study.Health science reports · 2026Article
- Association between Microplastic Exposure and Hepatic Dysfunction in Humans: A Cross-Sectional Study of Occupationally Exposed Individuals.Environment & health (Washington, D.C.) · 2026Article
- Ovarian toxic effects of micro- and nanoplastics (Review).Experimental and therapeutic medicine · 2026Review
- Effects of micro- and nano-plastics exposure on cellular senescence: an overview.Archives of toxicology · 2026Review
- Micro- and Nanoplastics as Emerging Drivers of Liver Injury: Exposure, Evidence, and Mechanisms.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- A pioneering plastic particle footprint concept for addressing the challenges posed by plastic pollution.Science advances · 2026Article
- Review
- Micro/Nanoplastics and Periodontitis: An Environmental Microbiology Perspective on Oral Retention and Systemic Risk.Microorganisms · 2026Review
- Micro- and Nanoplastics Exposure Across the Lifespan: One Health Implications for Aging and Longevity.Journal of xenobiotics · 2026Review
- Nanoplastics Impair GnRH Neuron Migration and Neuroendocrine Function: Emerging Players in the Pathogenesis of Reproductive Disorders.Small (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany) · 2026Article
- Size-Dependent Disruption of Lipid Metabolism by Polystyrene Micro- and Nanoplastics inToxics · 2026Article
- Comparative impact of polystyrene, rice bag-derived high-density polyethylene nanoparticles, and polystyrene-silver nanoparticle interactions in a 28-day in vivo study in male and female Wistar rats.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Polystyrene and polyethylene terephthalate nanoplastics differentially impact mouse ovarian follicle function.Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987) · 2025Article
- Tracing Microplastics in the Human Body: From Detection to Disease Mechanisms.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms of Micro- and Nanoplastics Driving Adverse Human Health Effects.Toxics · 2025Review
- Polyethylene terephthalate nanoplastics-induced neurotoxicity in adult male Swiss albino mice with amelioration of betaine: a histopathological, neurochemical, and molecular investigation.Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology · 2025Article
- Microplastics as benzo-a-pyrene carriers: genotoxicity assessment simulating human gastric digestion.Archives of toxicology · 2025Article
- Polystyrene and polyethylene terephthalate nanoplastics differentially impact mouse ovarian follicle function.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
3 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Plastic debris have been shown to degenerate to particle sizes that can be transported in air, water, and food. Small particles are documented to enter and exit our bodies and translocate to and from some internal organs. Health effects on respiratory, hepatic, immune, and gastrointestinal systems have been reported in humans and other mammals in response to elevated particle or fiber exposures. These health effects differed by plastic type and size, and there was evidence of dose response for a few health endpoints. We conducted a systematic word search and reviewed published literature to identify microplastic and nanoplastic studies that quantified exposure via the ingestion, inhalation, and subcutaneous absorption (not dermal) exposure pathways; identified translocation, internal dose, and associations with health effects and markers related to exposures to specific sizes and types of plastics. We identified the data gaps in relating exposure data to health effects and biomarkers, most notably the lack of characterization of plastic particles and fibers smaller than 10 μm in most media.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.