Evidence map›Paper›PMID 33308973›Full record

ArticleUrologic oncology2021

Trends in the use of active surveillance and treatments in Medicare beneficiaries diagnosed with localized prostate cancer.

Yu Liu, Ingrid J Hall, Christopher Filson, David H Howard

Open access · greenAbstract readMulticenter Study
In one paragraph

Article in Urologic oncology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 24 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
24citing papers in PubMed
3.0field-weighted citation impact, top 6% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

24 citing papers in PubMed, 35 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Article
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  3. Fee cuts for radiology and low-value imaging.International journal of health economics and management · 2025
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  11. Comparisons of Medical Cost Trajectories Between Non-Hispanic Black and Non-Hispanic White Patients With Newly Diagnosed Localized Prostate Cancer.Value in health : the journal of the International Society for Pharmacoeconomics and Outcomes Research · 2023
    Observational
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.

Yu LiuDepartment of Health Policy and Management, Emory University, Atlanta, GA.
Ingrid J HallDivision of Cancer Prevention and Control, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA.
Christopher FilsonEmory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA.
David H HowardDepartment of Health Policy and Management, Emory University, Atlanta, GA. Electronic address: david.howard@emory.edu.
Emory University · USCenters for Disease Control and Prevention · US

Funding

CALIFORNIA COORDINATED CANCER PREVENTION & CONTROL PROGRAMU58DP003862 · DP · CALIFORNIA STATE DEPT OF PUBLIC HEALTH · PI SNIPES, KURT P · 2012 to 2014
$31.5M
Targeted Payment Cuts to Reduce Unproven CareR01CA208758 · NCI · EMORY UNIVERSITY · PI HOWARD, DAVID H · 2017 to 2019
$684k
Intramural CDC HHS CC999999NCCDPHP CDC HHS U58 DP003862NCI NIH HHS HHSN261201000034CNCI NIH HHS HHSN261201000035CNCI NIH HHS HHSN261201000035INCI NIH HHS HHSN261201000140CNCI NIH HHS R01 CA208758
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundThe treatment for men diagnosed with localized prostate cancer has changed over time given the increased attention to the harms associated with over-diagnosis and the development of protocols for active surveillance.

methodsWe examined trends in the treatment of men diagnosed with localized prostate cancer between 2004 and 2015, using the most recently available data from Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Program (SEER)-Medicare. Patients were stratified by Gleason score, age, and race groups.

resultsThe use of active surveillance increased from 22% in 2004-2005 to 50% in 2014-2015 for patients with a Gleason score of 6 or below and increased from 9% in 2004-2005 to 13% in 2014-2015 for patients with a Gleason score of 7 or above. Patients with a Gleason score of 7 or above had increased use of intensity-modulated radiation therapy and prostatectomy, especially among patients aged 75 years and older. Among patients with a Gleason score of 6 or below non-Hispanic black men were less likely to undergo active surveillance than non-Hispanic white men.

conclusionsThere has been a large increase in the use of active surveillance among men with a Gleason score of 6 or below. However, non-Hispanic black men with a Gleason score of 6 or below are less likely to receive active surveillance.

Indexed as

AgedHumansMaleMedicareNeoplasm GradingProstatic NeoplasmsRetrospective StudiesUnited StatesWatchful WaitingActive surveillanceNew treatment methodsProstate cancerTreatment disparitiesTreatment trends

Identifiers

PMID33308973
PMCPMC8374746
OpenAlexW3110753243

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceTDM
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.