ArticleJournal of studies on alcohol and drugs2020
The Relationship Between Polysubstance Injection Drug Use, HIV Risk Behaviors, and Interest in Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis (PrEP) Among People Who Inject Drugs in Rural West Virginia.
Article in Journal of studies on alcohol and drugs, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
18 citing papers in PubMed, 24 citations in OpenAlex.
- Daily polysubstance use associated with HIV, HCV, and non-fatal overdose among people who inject drugs: A latent class analysis using nationwide data.Drug and alcohol dependence · 2026Article
- Patterns of polysubstance use among people who use drugs on an American Indian reservation of a southern plains Tribal Nation.Harm reduction journal · 2026Article
- Quantifying the size and characteristics of a population of people who use drugs on the reservation lands of a tribal nation in the southern plains (USA).Harm reduction journal · 2025Article
- Impact pathways of adverse childhood experiences on infectious diseases among substance abusers in border regions: structural equation modeling.Frontiers in public health · 2025Article
- Centering autonomy and choice to support oral PrEP utilization among people who inject drugs: qualitative lessons from HPTN 094 INTEGRA.Addiction science & clinical practice · 2024Article
- Polysubstance Use and Related Risk Behaviors among People Who Inject Drugs in Kenya Preparing for Hepatitis C Virus Treatment.Viruses · 2024Article
- PrEP for people who use opioids: A NIDA clinical trials network survey study in Southern U.S. cities where HIV incidence is high.Drug and alcohol dependence · 2024Article
- Sexual HIV transmission risk behaviors associated with stimulant drug injection among people who non-medically use gabapentin and opioids.Journal of substance use · 2024Article
- Interest in treatment with injectable diacetylmorphine among people who use opioids in Baltimore City, Maryland (USA).Annals of medicine · 2023Article
- High-risk polysubstance use among LGBTQ+ people who use drugs in the United States: An application of syndemic theory.The International journal on drug policy · 2023Article
- Factors Associated with HIV Testing Among People Who Inject Drugs: Findings from a Multistate Study at the Start of the COVID-19 Pandemic.AIDS and behavior · 2023Article
- A Pilot Study of Polysubstance Use Sequences across the Lifespan among Assiniboine and Sioux People Who Use Injection Drugs.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Article
- Polysubstance use and re-incarceration in the 12-months after release from jail: a latent transition analysis of rural Appalachian women.The American journal of drug and alcohol abuse · 2022Article
- Latent Classes of Polysubstance Use and Associations with HIV Risk and Structural Vulnerabilities among Cisgender Women Who Engage in Street-Based Transactional Sex in Baltimore City.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Article
- Awareness and Correlates of HIV Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis (PrEP) Among HIV-negative People Who Access Syringe Services in Seattle, Washington.Substance use & misuse · 2022Article
- Relationships among Substance Use, Sociodemographics, Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis (PrEP) Awareness and Related Attitudes among Young Adult Men Who Have Sex with Men.Substance use & misuse · 2022Article
- Co-use among confidants: An examination of polysubstance use and personal relationships in southeastern Nebraska.Addictive behaviors · 2022Article
- Adolescent Anabolic-Androgenic Steroid Use in Association with Other Drug Use, Injection Drug Use, and Team Sport Participation.Journal of child & adolescent substance abuse · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveThe opioid crisis has increased risks for injection drug use (IDU)-associated HIV outbreaks throughout the United States. Polysubstance use and syringe sharing are common among rural people who inject drugs (PWID). However, little is known about how polysubstance IDU affects engagement in HIV prevention efforts among non-urban PWID. This study assesses the associations between profiles of polysubstance injection, injection-related HIV risk, acquiring syringes from a syringe services program (SSP), HIV testing, and pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) awareness and interest among PWID in rural Appalachia.
methodWe used survey data from 392 respondents in Cabell County, West Virginia who had injected drugs in the past 6 months. We conducted a latent class analysis using seven measures of IDU and tested for associations with injection-related HIV risk, receiving syringes from an SSP, having been tested for HIV, and PrEP awareness and interest.
resultsWe identified three classes of polysubstance IDU in our sample: polysubstance use, heroin and crystal methamphetamine use, and crystal methamphetamine and buprenorphine/suboxone use. The polysubstance use class had the highest injection-related HIV risk (81.8% at risk), high syringe acquisition at an SSP (67.7%), and highest rate of HIV testing (60.0%). PrEP awareness was low across the sample (30.0%), but most PWID expressed interest in using PrEP (57.7%).
conclusionsPatterns of polysubstance IDU have unique relationships with key HIV risk factors and protective behaviors. The expansion of harm reduction services in rural settings is warranted to prevent incident HIV infections.
Indexed as
Identifiers
33308403PMC7754846W3113345219What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.