Evidence map›Paper›PMID 33308319›Full record

ReviewFertility research and practice2020

Predictive factors for intrauterine insemination outcomes: a review.

Anabel Starosta, Catherine E Gordon, Mark D Hornstein

Open access · hybridAbstract readReview
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Review in Fertility research and practice, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 36 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
36citing papers in PubMed, 2 pooled it
5.8field-weighted citation impact, top 4% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

36 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 69 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Pooled it
  3. Trial
  4. Article
  5. Review
  6. Optimizing outcomes in intrauterine insemination: A narrative synthesis of two decades of clinical research (2000-2024).International journal of gynaecology and obstetrics: the official organ of the International Federation of Gynaecology and Obstetrics · 2026
    Review
  7. Review
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  9. Observational
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  11. Article
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  15. Observational
  16. Article
  17. Article
  18. Intrauterine insemination: prognostic factors.JBRA assisted reproduction · 2024
    Observational
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  20. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.

Anabel StarostaDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts, Boston, USA. anabel_starosta@hms.harvard.edu.
Catherine E GordonDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts, Boston, USA.
Mark D HornsteinDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts, Boston, USA.
Harvard University · US

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

purposeIntrauterine insemination (IUI) is a frequently utilized method of assisted reproduction for patients with mild male factor infertility, anovulation, endometriosis, and unexplained infertility. The purpose of this review is to discuss factors that affect IUI outcomes, including infertility diagnosis, semen parameters, and stimulation regimens.

methodsWe reviewed the published literature to evaluate how patient and cycle specific factors affect IUI outcomes, specifically clinical pregnancy rate, live birth rate, spontaneous abortion rate and multiple pregnancy rate.

resultsMost data support IUI for men with a total motile count > 5 million and post-wash sperm count > 1 million. High sperm DNA fragmentation does not consistently affect pregnancy rates in IUI cycles. Advancing maternal and paternal age negatively impact pregnancy rates. Paternal obesity contributes to infertility while elevated maternal BMI increases medication requirements without impacting pregnancy outcomes. For ovulation induction, letrozole and clomiphene citrate result in similar pregnancy outcomes and are recommended over gonadotropins given increased risk for multiple pregnancies with gonadotropins. Letrozole is preferred for obese women with polycystic ovary syndrome. IUI is most effective for women with ovulatory dysfunction and unexplained infertility, and least effective for women with tubal factor and stage III-IV endometriosis. Outcomes are similar when IUI is performed with ovulation trigger or spontaneous ovulatory surge, and ovulation may be monitored by urine or serum. Most pregnancies occur within the first four IUI cycles, after which in vitro fertilization should be considered.

conclusionsProviders recommending IUI for treatment of infertility should take into account all of these factors when evaluating patients and making treatment recommendations.

Indexed as

infertilityintrauterine inseminationIUIovulation inductionsperm parameterstotal motile count

Identifiers

PMID33308319
PMCPMC7731622
OpenAlexW3113355727

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.