SynthesisSystematic reviews2020
Factors associated with antiretroviral treatment failure among people living with HIV on antiretroviral therapy in resource-poor settings: a systematic review and metaanalysis.
Synthesis in Systematic reviews, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 35 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
35 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 57 citations in OpenAlex.
- Prevalence and predictors of virological failure among the people living with HIV on antiretroviral treatment in East Africa: evidence from a systematic review with meta-analysis and meta-regression of published studies from 2016 to 2023.HIV research & clinical practice · 2025Pooled it
- Virologic Failure and Emergent Integrase Strand Transfer Inhibitor Drug Resistance With Long-Acting Cabotegravir for HIV Treatment: A Meta-analysis.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2025Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Effectiveness of intensive adherence counselling in achieving an undetectable viral load among people on antiretroviral therapy with low-level viraemia in Uganda.HIV medicine · 2024Trial
- Predictors of Treatment Adherence and Virological Failure Among People Living with HIV Receiving Antiretroviral Therapy in a South African Rural Community: A Sub-study of the ITREMA Randomised Clinical Trial.AIDS and behavior · 2023Trial
- Seemingly Unrelated Regression Analysis of the Cost and Health-Related Quality of Life Outcomes of the REVAMP Randomized Clinical Trial.Value in health regional issues · 2023Trial
- Second-line antiretroviral therapy success rates and predictors among people living with HIV in Rwanda, 2019-2023.BMC infectious diseases · 2026Article
- Antiretroviral Therapy Switching Among People with HIV in the United States is not Uncommon Despite Virologic Suppression: An OPERA Cohort Study.Infectious diseases and therapy · 2026Article
- Poor adherence to second-line antiretroviral therapy and its contributing factors among people living with HIV in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.AIDS research and therapy · 2026Article
- Alcohol Use, Risky Alcohol Use, and Associated Factors Among Adults Living with HIV in Urban Dar es Salaam, Tanzania.AIDS and behavior · 2026Article
- Article
- Virological failure and risk factors among people living with HIV taking second-line ART in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.PloS one · 2026Article
- Preventing Disruptions in HIV Service Delivery to Key Populations During Project Transition From an International to a Local Implementing Partner: A Case Study From Zambia.Global health, science and practice · 2025Article
- Quality of care, support and treatment services in Jharkhand's Antiretroviral Therapy Center (ARTC): A mixed methods operational research.Journal of family medicine and primary care · 2025Article
- Prevalence of drug resistance mutations and their association with time to virological failure in people living with HIV in Uganda.BMC infectious diseases · 2025Article
- Viral failure and associated factors in adults on second line antiretroviral therapy in public hospitals of Harari Region and Dire Dawa administration, Eastern Ethiopia.Journal of public health research · 2025Article
- Predictors of virological outcomes in patients with HIV on antiretroviral therapy in Osogbo, Nigeria: a cross-sectional study.BMC infectious diseases · 2025Article
- Long-term risk of mortality and loss to follow-up in children and adolescents on antiretroviral therapy in Asia.HIV medicine · 2025Observational
- Factors Contributing to Retention in Care and Treatment Adherence Among People Living With HIV Returning to Care in South-Eastern Tanzania: A Qualitative Study.HIV/AIDS (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2025Article
- Hepatitis B Patients' Adherence to Treatment in Relation to Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices (KAP) in the West Bank, Palestine, 2022-2023.Journal of viral hepatitis · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundDespite the increase in the number of people accessing antiretroviral therapy (ART), there is limited data regarding treatment failure and its related factors among HIV-positive individuals enrolled in HIV care in resource-poor settings. This review aimed to identify factors associated with antiretroviral treatment failure among individuals living with HIV on ART in resource-poor settings.
methodsWe conducted a comprehensive search on MEDLINE (PubMed), Excerpta Medica Database (EMBASE), Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), World Health Organization's (WHO's) library database, and Latin American and Caribbean Health Sciences Literature (LILACS). We included observational studies (cohort, case-control, and cross-sectional studies) where adolescents and adults living with HIV were on antiretroviral treatment regardless of the ART regimen. The primary outcomes of interest were immunological, virological, and clinical failure. Some of the secondary outcomes were mm
resultsAntiretroviral failure was nearly 6 times higher among patients who had poor adherence to treatment as compared to patients with a good treatment adherence (OR = 5.90, 95% CI 3.50, 9.94, moderate strength of evidence). The likelihood of the treatment failure was almost 5 times higher among patients with CD4 < 200 cells/mm
conclusionThis review highlights that low CD4 counts and poor adherence to ART were associated to ART treatment failure. There is a need for healthcare workers and HIV program implementers to focus on patients who have these characteristics in order to prevent ART treatment failure. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION: The systematic review protocol was registered with the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO), registration number: 2019 CRD42019136538.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.