Evidence map›Paper›PMID 33308250›Full record

ArticleImplementation science : IS2020

Coincidence analysis: a new method for causal inference in implementation science.

Rebecca Garr Whitaker, Nina Sperber, Michael Baumgartner, Alrik Thiem, Deborah Cragun, Laura Damschroder, Edward J Miech, Alecia Slade, Sarah Birken

Erratum issued Registry-linked trialAbstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Implementation science : IS, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. It is linked to trial NCT05853887 (iNUDGE), which is not on this map. Cited by 92 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
92citing papers in PubMed, 2 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

NCT05853887 naactive not recruitingnot on this mapstarted 2023, after this paper: background citation

iNUDGE: INtegration of liqUiD Biopsy Based Next Generation Gene sEquencing in Newly Diagnosed NSCLC - A Stepped Wedge Cluster Randomized Clinical Trial

TypeinterventionalSponsorCharu AggarwalRan2023 to 2026Enrolled260ConditionsNon Small Cell Lung Cancer Metastatic, Newly Diagnosed NSCLC, Non-Squamous Non-Small Cell Neoplasm of LungArmsiNUDGE
3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

92 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.

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32 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors.

Rebecca Garr WhitakerDuke-Margolis Center for Health Policy, 100 Fuqua Drive, Box 90120, Durham, NC, 27708, USA.
Nina SperberDuke University School of Medicine, Department of Population Health Sciences, 215 Morris Street, Durham, NC, 27701, USA.
Michael BaumgartnerUniversity of Bergen, Department of Philosophy, Postboks 7805, 5020, Bergen, Norway.
Alrik ThiemUniversity of Lucerne, Frohburgstrasse 3, P.O. Box 4466, 6002, Lucerne, Switzerland.
Deborah CragunDepartment of Global Health, College of Public Health, University of South Florida, 3802 Spectrum Boulevard, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA.
Laura DamschroderVA Ann Arbor Center for Clinical Management Research, University of Michigan, North Campus Research Complex, 2800 Plymouth Road, Building 18, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-2800, USA.
Edward J MiechCenter for Health Services Research, Regenstrief Institute, 1101 West 10th Street, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA.
Alecia SladeAvalere Health, 1201 New York Avenue NW, Suite 1000, Washington, DC, 20005, USA.
Sarah BirkenDepartment of Implementation Science, Wake Forest School of Medicine, 525@Vine Room 5219, Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA. sbirken@wakehealth.edu.ORCID 0000-0002-0591-4800

Funding

North Carolina Translational and Clinical Science Institute (NC TraCS) KL2KL2TR002490 · NCATS · UNIV OF NORTH CAROLINA CHAPEL HILL · PI WEINBERGER, MORRIS · 2018 to 2022
$11.0M
NCATS NIH HHS KL2 TR002490NIH HHS KL2TR002490
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundImplementation of multifaceted interventions typically involves many diverse elements working together in interrelated ways, including intervention components, implementation strategies, and features of local context. Given this real-world complexity, implementation researchers may be interested in a new mathematical, cross-case method called Coincidence Analysis (CNA) that has been designed explicitly to support causal inference, answer research questions about combinations of conditions that are minimally necessary or sufficient for an outcome, and identify the possible presence of multiple causal paths to an outcome. CNA can be applied as a standalone method or in conjunction with other approaches and can reveal new empirical findings related to implementation that might otherwise have gone undetected.

methodsWe applied CNA to a publicly available dataset from Sweden with county-level data on human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination campaigns and vaccination uptake in 2012 and 2014 and then compared CNA results to the published regression findings.

resultsThe original regression analysis found vaccination uptake was positively associated only with the availability of vaccines in schools. CNA produced different findings and uncovered an additional solution path: high vaccination rates were achieved by either (1) offering the vaccine in all schools or (2) a combination of offering the vaccine in some schools and media coverage.

conclusionsCNA offers a new comparative approach for researchers seeking to understand how implementation conditions work together and link to outcomes.

Indexed as

Papillomavirus InfectionsPapillomavirus VaccinesHumansImmunization ProgramsImplementation ScienceVaccinationPapillomavirus VaccinesCausal inferenceCoincidence analysisComparative analysisConfigurational comparative methods

Identifiers

PMID33308250
PMCPMC7730775

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.