ArticleJournal of translational medicine2020
PD-L1 expression in liver metastasis: its clinical significance and discordance with primary tumor in colorectal cancer.
Article in Journal of translational medicine, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 35 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
35 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 41 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pooled it
- Trial
- TIGITCancers · 2026Article
- Critical Prognostic and Predictive Factors in Colorectal Liver Metastasis: A Thorough Analysis of Existing Literature and Future Outlook.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Review
- Foxp3+/CD4+ Cell Ratio in Primary Colorectal Cancer Predicts Opposite Prognoses Following Resection of Synchronous or Metachronous Liver Metastases.Cancer medicine · 2026Article
- Article
- Efficacy and safety of immune checkpoint inhibitors plus chemotherapy in esophageal cancer patients with liver metastases.World journal of gastrointestinal oncology · 2026Article
- Liver microenvironment-driven immunosuppressive niche in colorectal cancer liver metastasis and its therapeutic remodeling.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Understanding the Tumor Microenvironmental Mechanisms Driving Immunotherapy Resistance in Colorectal Cancer Liver Metastases.Oncology research · 2026Review
- Tissue-specific antitumor NK cell subsets identified in colorectal cancer liver metastases express candidate therapeutic targets.The Journal of clinical investigation · 2025Article
- Towards a personalized utilization of stereotactic body radiotherapy for the management of liver metastases in solid tumors.Cancer metastasis reviews · 2025Review
- ADAM9 drives PD-L1 shedding via IL-6 suppression and exploring therapeutic role of Bufalin treatment in hepatocellular carcinoma.Discover oncology · 2025Article
- Liver metastasis of colorectal cancer: Mechanism and clinical therapy (Review).Oncology reports · 2025Review
- Prognostic Factors in Colorectal Liver Metastases: An Exhaustive Review of the Literature and Future Prospectives.Cancers · 2025Review
- TWEAK/Fn14 Drives Tumor Progression and Is Associated With Poor Survival of Colorectal Liver Metastases With Replacement Growth Patterns.Cancer medicine · 2025Article
- Regulatory T cells in liver metastases: emerging and divergent roles in tumour progression.eGastroenterology · 2025Review
- Stachydrine targeting tumor-associated macrophages inhibit colorectal cancer liver metastasis by regulating the JAK2/STAT3 pathway.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2025Article
- Prognostic Features and Potential for Immune Therapy in Metastatic Mismatch Repair-Deficient Colorectal Cancer: A Retrospective Analysis of a Large Consecutive Population-Based Patient Series.Cancer medicine · 2025Article
- Characterization of the Breast Cancer Liver Metastasis Microenvironment via Machine Learning Analysis of the Primary Tumor Microenvironment.Cancer research communications · 2024Article
- Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundThe outcomes of immune checkpoint inhibitors in cancer patients with liver metastases are poor, which may be related to a different tumor microenvironment in liver metastases from primary tumors. This study was aimed to analyze PD-L1 expression and the immune microenvironment status in liver metastases and compare the differences of PD-L1 expression between primary tumors and liver metastases of colorectal cancer.
methods74 cases of pathologically confirmed colorectal cancer with liver metastasis underwent resection from our hospital were included. Tissue microarrays were used for the interpretation of PD-L1 expression, cluster of differentiation 4 (CD4) and CD8 density by immunohistochemistry. We evaluated the disparity between primary tumor and liver metastasis in PD-L1 expression, CD4 and CD8 density and analyzed the factors associated with obvious PD-L1 disparity.
resultsThe expression of PD-L1 was positively related to the density of CD4 and CD8 in liver metastases. The expression of PD-L1 in liver metastases was higher than in primary tumors in certain subgroups, including patients with concurrent liver metastases (n = 63, p = 0.05), patients receiving concurrent resection of primary and metastatic tumors (n = 56, p = 0.04). The two subgroups generally reflected those without inconsistent external influences, such as treatment and temporal factors, between primary tumors and liver metastases. In these subgroups, the intrinsic differences of microenvironment between primary tumors and liver metastases could be identified. Furthermore, tumor differentiation [moderate vs. poor: OR = 0.23, 95% CI: 0.03-0.99, p = 0.05)] were demonstrated to be associated with obvious discordance of PD-L1 expression between primary tumors and liver metastases.
conclusionsThe expression of PD-L1 in liver metastases was higher than in primary tumors in subgroups, reflecting intrinsic microenvironment differences between primary and metastatic tumors. Obvious discordance of PD-L1 expression between primary tumor and liver metastasis was significantly related to the tumor differentiation.
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