Trial reportDiabetes & vascular disease research
Cardiovascular outcomes and LDL-cholesterol levels in EMPA-REG OUTCOME
Trial report in Diabetes & vascular disease research. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
10 citing papers in PubMed, 13 citations in OpenAlex.
- The effect of empagliflozin on peripheral microvascular dysfunction in patients with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction.Cardiovascular diabetology · 2025Trial
- Development and validation of a clinical prediction model for postoperative weight regain after bariatric surgery using inflammatory, metabolic, and ferritin biomarkers.Archives of endocrinology and metabolism · 2026Observational
- Review
- The influence of SGLT-2 inhibitors on lipid profiles in heart failure patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis.American journal of cardiovascular disease · 2024Review
- Sodium-Glucose Co-Transporter 2 Inhibitors in Heart Failure-Current Evidence in Special Populations.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- SGLT2 Inhibition in Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction - The New Frontier.Reviews in cardiovascular medicine · 2023Review
- Review
- SGLT2 Inhibitors and Their Mode of Action in Heart Failure-Has the Mystery Been Unravelled?Current heart failure reports · 2021Review
- Treatment Response to SGLT2 Inhibitors: From Clinical Characteristics to Genetic Variations.International journal of molecular sciences · 2021 · on this mapReview
- Potential Mechanisms of SGLT2 Inhibitors for the Treatment of Heart Failure With Preserved Ejection Fraction.Frontiers in physiology · 2021Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 7 institutions in 5 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectiveIt is well established that higher low-density lipoprotein (LDL)-cholesterol levels are associated with increased cardiovascular risk. We analyzed whether effects of empagliflozin on cardiovascular outcomes varied by different LDL-cholesterol levels at baseline in EMPA-REG OUTCOME.
methodsParticipants with type 2 diabetes and high cardiovascular risk received empagliflozin (10/25 mg) or placebo in addition to standard of care. We investigated the time to first 3P-MACE, cardiovascular death, hospitalization for heart failure (HHF) and all-cause mortality for empagliflozin versus placebo between baseline LDL-cholesterol categories <1.8, 1.8-<2.2, 2.2- <2.6, 2.6-3.0, and > 3.0 mmol/L, by a Cox regression including the interaction of baseline LDL-cholesterol category and treatment.
resultsOf the 7020 participants randomized and treated, 81.0% received lipid lowering therapy (77.0% statins). Mean ± SD LDL-cholesterol was 2.2 ± 0.9 mmol/L, and 38%/18%, had LDL-cholesterol <1.8/>3.0 mmol/L. Age, BMI, and HbA1c levels were balanced between the LDL-cholesterol subgroups, but those in the lowest versus highest group, had more coronary artery disease (83.0% vs 59.9%) and statin treatment (88.2% vs 50.9%). Empagliflozin consistently reduced all outcomes across LDL-cholesterol categories (all interaction
conclusionThe beneficial cardiovascular effects of empagliflozin was consistent across higher and lower LDL-cholesterol levels at baseline.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.