ArticleGastroenterology2021
The Gastrointestinal Tract Is an Alternative Route for SARS-CoV-2 Infection in a Nonhuman Primate Model.
Article in Gastroenterology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 90 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
90 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 132 citations in OpenAlex.
- Oro-faecal transmission of SARS-CoV-2: A systematic review of studies employing viral culture from gastrointestinal and other potential oro-faecal sources and evidence for transmission to humans.Epidemiology and infection · 2024Pooled it
- Predicting the presence of infectious virus from PCR data: A meta-analysis of SARS-CoV-2 in non-human primates.PLoS pathogens · 2024Pooled it
- A Meta-Analysis of Rhesus Macaques (Comparative medicine · 2021Pooled it
- Exposure route, not dose, is the primary driver of infection patterns for a respiratory virus.Science advances · 2026Article
- Exposure route drives SARS-CoV-2 infection patterns in non-human primates.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Inhibition of integrin α3 suppresses gastric cancer progression via STAT3-mediated regulation of SLC1A5-dependent glutamine uptake.Journal of gastroenterology · 2025Article
- A survey of SARS-CoV-2 tropism.Infectious diseases & immunity · 2025Review
- The Impact of PET Imaging on Translational Medicine: Insights from Large-Animal Disease Models.Biomolecules · 2025Review
- SARS-CoV-2 causes gastric damage: structural and ultrastructural evaluation.Journal of molecular histology · 2025Article
- Mesothelin expression prediction in pancreatic cancer based on multimodal stochastic configuration networks.Medical & biological engineering & computing · 2025Article
- Intestinal mucus: the unsung hero in the battle against viral gastroenteritis.Gut pathogens · 2025Review
- Review
- SARS-CoV-2 Viral Load in Stool and Nasopharyngeal/Oropharyngeal Samples: Implications for Clinical Progression in Severe COVID-19 Patients.International journal of microbiology · 2025Article
- Article
- Lung infection in orally inoculated SARS-CoV-2 hamsters.PloS one · 2025Article
- Pathogenesis and virulence of coronavirus disease: Comparative pathology of animal models for COVID-19.Virulence · 2024Review
- SARS-CoV-2 infection perturbs the gastrointestinal tract and induces modest microbial translocation across the intestinal barrier.Journal of virology · 2024Article
- CHIKV infection drives shifts in the gastrointestinal microbiome and metabolites in rhesus monkeys.Microbiome · 2024Article
- Jamaican fruit bat (Artibeus jamaicensis) insusceptibility to mucosal inoculation with SARS-CoV-2 Delta variant is not caused by receptor compatibility.Npj viruses · 2024Article
- Effects of Hibernation on Colonic Epithelial Tissue and Gut Microbiota in Wild Chipmunks (Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2024Article
30 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
- Commented on by
- Erratum issuedCorrection.2023
Authors and funding
22 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
BACKGROUND &
aimsGastrointestinal (GI) manifestations have been increasingly reported in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). However, the roles of the GI tract in severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection are not fully understood. We investigated how the GI tract is involved in SARS-CoV-2 infection to elucidate the pathogenesis of COVID-19.
methodsOur previously established nonhuman primate (NHP) model of COVID-19 was modified in this study to test our hypothesis. Rhesus monkeys were infected with an intragastric or intranasal challenge with SARS-CoV-2. Clinical signs were recorded after infection. Viral genomic RNA was quantified by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. Host responses to SARS-CoV-2 infection were evaluated by examining inflammatory cytokines, macrophages, histopathology, and mucin barrier integrity.
resultsIntranasal inoculation with SARS-CoV-2 led to infections and pathologic changes not only in respiratory tissues but also in digestive tissues. Expectedly, intragastric inoculation with SARS-CoV-2 resulted in the productive infection of digestive tissues and inflammation in both the lung and digestive tissues. Inflammatory cytokines were induced by both types of inoculation with SARS-CoV-2, consistent with the increased expression of CD68. Immunohistochemistry and Alcian blue/periodic acid-Schiff staining showed decreased Ki67, increased cleaved caspase 3, and decreased numbers of mucin-containing goblet cells, suggesting that the inflammation induced by these 2 types of inoculation with SARS-CoV-2 impaired the GI barrier and caused severe infections.
conclusionsBoth intranasal and intragastric inoculation with SARS-CoV-2 caused pneumonia and GI dysfunction in our rhesus monkey model. Inflammatory cytokines are possible connections for the pathogenesis of SARS-CoV-2 between the respiratory and digestive systems.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.