ArticleOtology & neurotology : official publication of the American Otological Society, American Neurotology Society [and] European Academy of Otology and Neurotology2021
Word and Nonword Reading Efficiency in Postlingually Deafened Adult Cochlear Implant Users.
Article in Otology & neurotology : official publication of the American Otological Society, American Neurotology Society [and] European Academy of Otology and Neurotology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers.
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Who cites it
12 citing papers in PubMed, 20 citations in OpenAlex.
- Nonword Repetition Assessing Auditory and Cognitive Abilities in Adult Cochlear Implant Users.Journal of speech, language, and hearing research : JSLHR · 2026Article
- Real-world Speech Communication Experiences of Cochlear Implant Users.Otology & neurotology open · 2025Article
- Speech Production Intelligibility Is Associated with Speech Recognition in Adult Cochlear Implant Users.Brain sciences · 2025Article
- Predicting Early Cochlear Implant Performance: Can Cognitive Testing Help?Otology & neurotology open · 2024Article
- Extraordinary Speech and Language Outcomes After Auditory Brainstem Implantation: Guidance From a Case Study.American journal of audiology · 2023Article
- Association of Cognitive Impairment Screening Scores With Improvements in Speech Recognition and Quality of Life After Cochlear Implantation.JAMA otolaryngology-- head & neck surgery · 2023Article
- Exploring neurocognitive factors and brain activation in adult cochlear implant recipients associated with speech perception outcomes-A scoping review.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2023Article
- Exceptional Speech Recognition Outcomes After Cochlear Implantation: Lessons From Two Case Studies.American journal of audiology · 2022Article
- Lexical Effects on the Perceived Clarity of Noise-Vocoded Speech in Younger and Older Listeners.Frontiers in psychology · 2022Article
- A surgeon-scientist's perspective and review of cognitive-linguistic contributions to adult cochlear implant outcomes.Laryngoscope investigative otolaryngology · 2020Review
- Factors affecting talker discrimination ability in adult cochlear implant users.Journal of communication disordersArticle
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
hypothesisThis study tested the hypotheses that 1) experienced adult cochlear implants (CI) users demonstrate poorer reading efficiency relative to normal-hearing controls, 2) reading efficiency reflects basic, underlying neurocognitive skills, and 3) reading efficiency relates to speech recognition outcomes in CI users.
backgroundWeak phonological processing skills have been associated with poor speech recognition outcomes in postlingually deaf adult CI users. Phonological processing can be captured in nonauditory measures of reading efficiency, which may have wide use in patients with hearing loss. This study examined reading efficiency in adults CI users, and its relation to speech recognition outcomes.
methodsForty-eight experienced, postlingually deaf adult CI users (ECIs) and 43 older age-matched peers with age-normal hearing (ONHs) completed the Test of Word Reading Efficiency (TOWRE-2), which measures word and nonword reading efficiency. Participants also completed a battery of nonauditory neurocognitive measures and auditory sentence recognition tasks.
resultsECIs and ONHs did not differ in word (ECIs: M = 78.2, SD = 11.4; ONHs: M = 83.3, SD = 10.2) or nonword reading efficiency (ECIs: M = 42.0, SD = 11.2; ONHs: M = 43.7, SD = 10.3). For ECIs, both scores were related to untimed word reading with moderate to strong effect sizes (r = 0.43-0.69), but demonstrated differing relations with other nonauditory neurocognitive measures with weak to moderate effect sizes (word: r = 0.11-0.44; nonword: r = (-)0.15 to (-)0.42). Word reading efficiency was moderately related to sentence recognition outcomes in ECIs (r = 0.36-0.40).
conclusionFindings suggest that postlingually deaf adult CI users demonstrate neither impaired word nor nonword reading efficiency, and these measures reflect different underlying mechanisms involved in language processing. The relation between sentence recognition and word reading efficiency, a measure of lexical access speed, suggests that this measure may be useful for explaining outcome variability in adult CI users.
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