Evidence map›Paper›PMID 33305406›Full record

ArticleCell proliferation2021

Oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma-associated IL-33 rewires macrophage polarization towards M2 via activating ornithine decarboxylase.

Shijie Mai, Le Liu, Jianjun Jiang, Pengfei Ren, Dingwei Diao, Haofei Wang, Kaican Cai

Open access · goldAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Cell proliferation, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 27 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
27citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
1.5field-weighted citation impact, top 16% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

27 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 44 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Review
  3. CD4Frontiers in immunology · 2026
    Review
  4. Article
  5. Article
  6. Recent Advances in Cancer Immunotherapy Aided by Regulatory Non-Coding RNA: A Review.Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention : APJCP · 2025
    Review
  7. Review
  8. The role of adipogenic niche resident cells in colorectal cancer progression in relation to obesity.Obesity reviews : an official journal of the International Association for the Study of Obesity · 2025
    Review
  9. Review
  10. Review
  11. Article
  12. Article
  13. Article
  14. Review
  15. Article
  16. Article
  17. Review
  18. Review
  19. Article
  20. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.

Shijie MaiDepartment of Thoracic Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6798-142X
Le LiuDepartment of Gastroenterology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
Jianjun JiangDepartment of Thoracic Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
Pengfei RenDepartment of Thoracic Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
Dingwei DiaoDepartment of Thoracic Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
Haofei WangDepartment of Thoracic Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
Kaican CaiDepartment of Thoracic Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
Nanfang Hospital · CN

Funding

The Science and Technology Planning Project of Guangdong Province, China 2014A020212541
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundThe tumour microenvironment primarily constitutes macrophages in the form of an immunosuppressive M2 phenotype, which promotes tumour growth. Thus, the development of methodologies to rewire M2-like tumour-associated macrophages (TAMs) into the M1 phenotype, which inhibits tumour growth, might be a critical advancement in cancer immunotherapy research.

methodsThe expressions of IL-33 and indicators related to macrophage polarization in oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) tissues and peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC)-derived macrophages were determined. Inhibition of ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) with small interfering RNA was used to analyse the phenotype of macrophage polarization and polyamine secretory signals. CCK-8, wound-healing and Transwell assays were used to detect the proliferation and migration of ECA109 cells in vitro. The tumour xenograft assay in nude mice was used to examine the role of IL-33 in ESCC development in vivo.

resultsThis study showed the substantially elevated IL-33 expression in ESCC tissues compared with the normal tissues. Additionally, enhanced infiltration of M2-like macrophages into the ESCC tumour tissue was also observed. We observed a strong correlation between the IL-33 levels and the infiltration of M2-like macrophages in ESCC tumours locally. Mechanistically, IL-33 induces M2-like macrophage polarization by activating ODC, a key enzyme that catalyses the synthesis of polyamines. Inhibition of ODC suppressed M2-like macrophage polarization. Finally, in vivo, we confirmed that IL-33 promotes tumour progression.

conclusionsThis study revealed an oncogenic role of IL-33 by actively inducing M2-like macrophage differentiation; thus, contributing to the formation of an immunosuppressive ESCC tumour microenvironment. Thus, IL-33 could act as a novel target for cancer immunotherapies.

Indexed as

AgedAnimalsCell DifferentiationCell Line, TumorEsophageal NeoplasmsEsophageal Squamous Cell CarcinomaFemaleHumansInterleukin-33Kaplan-Meier EstimateLeukocytes, MononuclearMacrophagesMaleMiceMice, NudeMiddle AgedInterleukin-33Ornithine DecarboxylasePolyaminesRNA, Small InterferingIL-33macrophageoesophageal squamous cell carcinomaornithine decarboxylase

Identifiers

PMID33305406
PMCPMC7848962
OpenAlexW3112514238

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.