ArticleEpilepsy & behavior reports2020
Super refractory status epilepticus secondary to anti-GAD antibody encephalitis successfully treated with aggressive immunotherapy.
Article in Epilepsy & behavior reports, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
18 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 27 citations in OpenAlex.
- Targeting Inflammatory Mediators in Epilepsy: A Systematic Review of Its Molecular Basis and Clinical Applications.Frontiers in neurology · 2022Pooled it
- The Treatment of Antibody-Mediated Encephalitis: Current, Future Therapies, Unmet Need and Patient Management.Advances in therapy · 2026Review
- Tocilizumab Treatment in Refractory Autoimmune Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein Astrocytopathy: A Case Report and Literature Review.Journal of inflammation research · 2026Article
- Blockade of Interleukin-6 Receptor with Tocilizumab During the Acute Phase of Childhood Immune-Mediated Epilepsy can Lead to a Favorable Outcome - an Observational Study.Current neuropharmacology · 2026Observational
- Intrathecal Dexamethasone as a FIRES Extinguisher: A 12-Patient Clinical Experience with Usage of Intrathecal Dexamethasone for Febrile Infection-Related Epilepsy Syndrome.Neurocritical care · 2025Article
- Article
- The limbic and extra-limbic encephalitis associated with glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD)-65 antibodies: an observational study.Neurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology · 2025Observational
- Immunotherapy for autoimmune encephalitis.Cell death discovery · 2025Review
- Anti-GAD65 Antibodies Related Refractory Epilepsy Successfully Treated with Tocilizumab: A Case Report and Systematic Literature Review.ImmunoTargets and therapy · 2025Article
- Further advances in epilepsy.Journal of neurology · 2023Review
- Seizure burden and neuropsychological outcomes of new-onset refractory status epilepticus: Systematic review.Frontiers in neurology · 2023Review
- Use of anti-seizure medications in different types of autoimmune encephalitis: A narrative review.Frontiers in neurology · 2023Review
- Treatment Options in Refractory Autoimmune Encephalitis.CNS drugs · 2022Review
- Article
- Cytokine dynamics and targeted immunotherapies in autoimmune encephalitis.Brain communications · 2022Review
- Neurological disorders associated with glutamic acid decarboxylase 65 antibodies: Clinical spectrum and prognosis of a cohort from China.Frontiers in neurology · 2022Article
- Immunotherapy for Refractory Autoimmune Encephalitis.Frontiers in immunology · 2021Review
- An Evidence-Based Approach to Diagnosis and Prognosis in a Young Woman with New-Onset Super-Refractory Status Epilepticus: A Case Report.Case reports in neurologyArticle
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Antibodies against glutamic acid decarboxylase are reported in association with a number of neurological conditions including limbic encephalitis. We report a case of anti-GAD-antibody associated encephalitis presenting with super-refractory status epilepticus. We describe the clinical course, management, and the outcome. In addition, we review the presentation and outcomes of reported cases of anti-GAD encephalitis. Similar to the reported cases of anti-GAD encephalitis, our case was refractory to treatment with conventional antiseizure medication. Treatment with intravenous immune globulin (IVIG), high dose corticosteroids, and plasmapheresis had partial response, but escalation of treatment to the use of tocilizumab was associated with significant clinical improvement.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.