Trial reportScientific reports2020
Increased interleukin-6 and macrophage chemoattractant protein-1 are associated with respiratory failure in COVID-19.
Trial report in Scientific reports, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 60 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
60 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 91 citations in OpenAlex.
- Coronavirus Disease 2019 as Cause of Viral Sepsis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Critical care medicine · 2021Pooled it
- Trial
- Fatty Acids and Inflammatory Protein Biomarkers From Coronavirus Disease 2019 Patients.Immunity, inflammation and disease · 2025Article
- Cytokine, chemokine, and acute-phase protein profiles in plasma as correlative biomarkers of clinical outcomes for patients with COVID-19.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Persistent immune dysregulation and metabolic alterations following SARS-CoV-2 infection.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2025Article
- Correlation between the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio and the 90-day all-cause mortality in patients with acute respiratory failure: a retrospective analysis based on the MIMIC-IV Database.BMC cardiovascular disorders · 2025Article
- Advances in understanding the role of interleukins in pulmonary fibrosis (Review).Experimental and therapeutic medicine · 2025Review
- Review
- Targeting Inflammation After Hemorrhagic Shock as a Molecular and Experimental Journey to Improve Outcomes: A Review.Cureus · 2025Review
- Article
- Multiplex array analysis of circulating cytokines and chemokines in COVID-19 patients during the first wave of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic in Milan, Italy.BMC immunology · 2024Article
- Article
- MAFB shapes human monocyte-derived macrophage response to SARS-CoV-2 and controls severe COVID-19 biomarker expression.JCI insight · 2023Article
- Recent Progresses in Optical Biosensors for Interleukin 6 Detection.Biosensors · 2023Review
- Compartmentalized Regulation of Pulmonary and Systemic Inflammation in Critical COVID-19 Patients.Viruses · 2023Article
- COVID-19 Biomarkers for Critically Ill Patients: A Compendium for the Physician.Neurology international · 2023Review
- Point-of-care pancreatic stone protein measurement in critically ill COVID-19 patients.BMC anesthesiology · 2023Article
- Role of IP-10 to Predict Clinical Progression and Response to IL-6 Blockade With Sarilumab in Early COVID-19 Pneumonia. A Subanalysis of the SARICOR Clinical Trial.Open forum infectious diseases · 2023Article
- Description and Outcome of Severe Hypoglycemic Encephalopathy in the Intensive Care Unit.Neurocritical care · 2023Article
- The brain reacting to COVID-19: analysis of the cerebrospinal fluid proteome, RNA and inflammation.Journal of neuroinflammation · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
22 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
In SARS-CoV-2 infection there is an urgent need to identify patients that will progress to severe COVID-19 and may benefit from targeted treatment. In this study we analyzed plasma cytokines in COVID-19 patients and investigated their association with respiratory failure (RF) and treatment in Intensive Care Unit (ICU). Hospitalized patients (n = 34) with confirmed COVID-19 were recruited into a prospective cohort study. Clinical data and blood samples were collected at inclusion and after 2-5 and 7-10 days. RF was defined as PaO2/FiO2 ratio (P/F) < 40 kPa. Plasma cytokines were analyzed by a Human Cytokine 27-plex assay. COVID-19 patients with RF and/or treated in ICU showed overall increased systemic cytokine levels. Plasma IL-6, IL-8, G-CSF, MCP-1, MIP-1α levels were negatively correlated with P/F, whereas combinations of IL-6, IP-10, IL-1ra and MCP-1 showed the best association with RF in ROC analysis (AUC 0.79-0.80, p < 0.05). During hospitalization the decline was most significant for IP-10 (p < 0.001). Elevated levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines were present in patients with severe COVID-19. IL-6 and MCP-1 were inversely correlated with P/F with the largest AUC in ROC analyses and should be further explored as biomarkers to identify patients at risk for severe RF and as targets for improved treatment strategies.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.