Evidence map›Paper›PMID 33303774›Full record

ArticleScientific reports2020

Increased immune marker variance in a population of invasive birds.

Hanna Prüter, Mathias Franz, Sönke Twietmeyer, Niklas Böhm, Gudrun Middendorff, Ruben Portas, Jörg Melzheimer, Holger Kolberg, Georg von Samson-Himmelstjerna, Alex D Greenwood and 3 more

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Scientific reports, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
6citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

6 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Multi-year dietary and parasitological investigations of invasive Egyptian geese (International journal for parasitology. Parasites and wildlife · 2026
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

13 authors.

Hanna PrüterDepartment of Wildlife Diseases, Leibniz Institute for Zoo and Wildlife Research, Alfred-Kowalke-Straße 17, 10315, Berlin, Germany. prueter@grupr.de.
Mathias FranzDepartment of Wildlife Diseases, Leibniz Institute for Zoo and Wildlife Research, Alfred-Kowalke-Straße 17, 10315, Berlin, Germany.
Sönke TwietmeyerDepartment of Research and Documentation, Eifel National Park, Urftseestraße 43, 53937, Schleiden-Gemünd, Germany.
Niklas BöhmFÖA Landschaftsplanung GmbH, Auf der Redoute 12, 54296, Trier, Germany.
Gudrun MiddendorffNamibia Bird Club, Windhoek, Namibia.
Ruben PortasDepartment of Evolutionary Ecology, Leibniz Institute for Zoo and Wildlife Research, Alfred-Kowalke-Straße 17, 10315, Berlin, Germany.
Jörg MelzheimerDepartment of Evolutionary Ecology, Leibniz Institute for Zoo and Wildlife Research, Alfred-Kowalke-Straße 17, 10315, Berlin, Germany.
Holger KolbergMinistry of Environment and Tourism, Private Bag, 13306, Windhoek, Namibia.
Georg von Samson-HimmelstjernaInstitute for Parasitology and Tropical Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, Robert-von-Ostertag-Str. 7-13, 14163, Berlin, Germany.
Alex D GreenwoodDepartment of Wildlife Diseases, Leibniz Institute for Zoo and Wildlife Research, Alfred-Kowalke-Straße 17, 10315, Berlin, Germany.
Dörte LüschowInstitute of Poultry Diseases, Freie Universität Berlin, Königsweg 63, 14163, Berlin, Germany.
Kristin MühldorferDepartment of Wildlife Diseases, Leibniz Institute for Zoo and Wildlife Research, Alfred-Kowalke-Straße 17, 10315, Berlin, Germany.
Gábor Árpád CzirjákDepartment of Wildlife Diseases, Leibniz Institute for Zoo and Wildlife Research, Alfred-Kowalke-Straße 17, 10315, Berlin, Germany. czirjak@izw-berlin.de.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Immunity and parasites have been linked to the success of invasive species. Especially lower parasite burden in invasive populations has been suggested to enable a general downregulation of immune investment (Enemy Release and Evolution of Increased Competitive Ability Hypotheses). Simultaneously, keeping high immune competence towards potentially newly acquired parasites in the invasive range is essential to allow population growth. To investigate the variation of immune effectors of invasive species, we compared the mean and variance of multiple immune effectors in the context of parasite prevalence in an invasive and a native Egyptian goose (Alopochen aegyptiacus) population. Three of ten immune effectors measured showed higher variance in the invasive population. Mean levels were higher in the invasive population for three effectors but lower for eosinophil granulocytes. Parasite prevalence depended on the parasite taxa investigated. We suggest that variation of specific immune effectors, which may be important for invasion success, may lead to higher variance and enable invasive species to reduce the overall physiological cost of immunity while maintaining the ability to efficiently defend against novel parasites encountered.

Indexed as

Introduced SpeciesAnimalsBird DiseasesFemaleGeeseHost-Parasite InteractionsMaleNamibiaParasitic Diseases, AnimalPrevalence

Identifiers

PMID33303774
PMCPMC7729907

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.