ArticleScience (New York, N.Y.)2021
Fecal microbiota transplant promotes response in immunotherapy-refractory melanoma patients.
Article in Science (New York, N.Y.), 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 3 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 1,049 papers, 9 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Targeting Gut Microbiota to Improve Efficacy of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors in Patients With Advanced Renal Cell Carcinoma
Fecal Microbiota Transplantation to Improve Efficacy of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors in Metastatic Lung Cancer
Disentangling Microbiome Engraftment by Multi-omics of the Gut Ecosystem During Fecal Transplant
Who cites it
1,049 citing papers in PubMed, 9 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 1,516 citations in OpenAlex.
- Heating the Cold: Overcoming Immunotherapy Resistance in Microsatellite-Stable Colorectal Cancer: A Systematic Review.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Pooled it
- The use of antibiotic, probiotic, and fecal microbiota transplantation in modulating immunotherapy efficacy and survival: a systematic review and meta-analysis of clinical outcomes.The oncologist · 2026Pooled it
- Impact of microbiome-modulating strategies in cancer patients receiving immunotherapy (MSIT): A systematic review and meta-analysis.Scientific reports · 2026Pooled it
- Interventions Targeting the Gut Microbiome to Improve Cancer Treatment Outcomes and Their Gastrointestinal Side Effects: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.The Journal of nutrition · 2026Pooled it
- Modulating the gut microbiome to enhance cancer immunotherapy: a systematic review and Meta-Analysis of probiotics and FMT as adjuncts.BMC cancer · 2026Pooled it
- Global research trends and emerging frontiers of gut microbiota-drug interactions: a bibliometric and visualization analysis (2003-2025).Frontiers in microbiology · 2026Pooled it
- Functional convergence amid taxonomic variability in gut microbiome-immune checkpoint inhibitor research: a bibliometric and mechanistic synthesis.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Pooled it
- Gut microbiota composition in responders vs. non-responders with hepatocellular carcinoma under ICI therapy: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in medicine · 2026Pooled it
- The microbiome-nitric oxide axis in cancer immunotherapy: a targeted qualitative systematic review of mechanistic and translational evidence.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Pooled it
- Trial
- Safety and efficacy of fecal microbiota transplantation in solid cancers resistant to immune checkpoint inhibitors: results of the MITRIC trial.Journal for immunotherapy of cancer · 2026Trial
- Fecal microbiota transplantation plus immunotherapy in non-small cell lung cancer and melanoma: the phase 2 FMT-LUMINate trial.Nature medicine · 2026Trial
- Fecal microbiota transplantation plus pembrolizumab and axitinib in metastatic renal cell carcinoma: the randomized phase 2 TACITO trial.Nature medicine · 2026Trial
- Fecal microbiota transplantation for advanced non-small cell lung cancer with secondary PD-1 resistance efficacy prognostic factors and microbiome diversity analysis.Journal of translational medicine · 2026Trial
- Gut microbial markers of immunotherapy response in melanoma: a cross-cohort analysis including the first Russian dataset.Gut microbes · 2026Article
- Killing cancer takes guts: lessons learned from the manipulation of gut microbiome and immunotherapy for the future of urothelial carcinoma.Oncoimmunology · 2026Review
- Multi-omics analysis of saccharomyces boulardii supplementation reveals coordinated microbiome, metabolic, and immune signaling changes accompanying tumor suppression.Gut microbes · 2026Article
- Decoding the microbiome: artificial intelligence-targeted gut microenvironment breakthroughs in personalized cancer therapy.Gut microbes · 2026Review
- Modulating the gut microbiota to enhance immune checkpoint inhibitor efficacy in colorectal cancer: mechanisms, therapeutic strategies, and clinical perspectives.Gut microbes · 2026Review
- Microbiota as a modulator of drug response: targeting microbial-drug crosstalk in cancer therapy.Gut microbes · 2026Review
989 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
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Authors and funding
32 authors at 7 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The gut microbiome has been shown to influence the response of tumors to anti-PD-1 (programmed cell death-1) immunotherapy in preclinical mouse models and observational patient cohorts. However, modulation of gut microbiota in cancer patients has not been investigated in clinical trials. In this study, we performed a phase 1 clinical trial to assess the safety and feasibility of fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) and reinduction of anti-PD-1 immunotherapy in 10 patients with anti-PD-1-refractory metastatic melanoma. We observed clinical responses in three patients, including two partial responses and one complete response. Notably, treatment with FMT was associated with favorable changes in immune cell infiltrates and gene expression profiles in both the gut lamina propria and the tumor microenvironment. These early findings have implications for modulating the gut microbiota in cancer treatment.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.