Observational studyThe European respiratory journal2021
Cardiopulmonary recovery after COVID-19: an observational prospective multicentre trial.
Observational study in The European respiratory journal, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 2 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 269 papers, 12 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Understanding Exertional Dyspnea and Exercise Intolerance in COVID-19
Pulmonary Vascular Dysfunction as a Cause of Persistent Exertional Dyspnea After COVID-19 (PulmVasC)- A Multicenter, Prospective Cohort/Observational Study
Who cites it
269 citing papers in PubMed, 12 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 438 citations in OpenAlex.
- Recovery of lung function during the first year after COVID-19: a systematic review and meta-analysis.European respiratory review : an official journal of the European Respiratory Society · 2025Pooled it
- Brazilian Guideline for Exercise Test in the Adult Population - 2024.Arquivos brasileiros de cardiologia · 2024Guideline
- Post-COVID-19 dyspnoea and pulmonary imaging: a systematic review and meta-analysis.European respiratory review : an official journal of the European Respiratory Society · 2023Pooled it
- A systematic review and meta-analysis of long term physical and mental sequelae of COVID-19 pandemic: call for research priority and action.Molecular psychiatry · 2023Pooled it
- Long-term impact of SARS-CoV-2 infection on cardiorespiratory fitness: a meta-analysis.Frontiers in public health · 2023Pooled it
- Prevalence, risk factors and treatments for post-COVID-19 breathlessness: a systematic review and meta-analysis.European respiratory review : an official journal of the European Respiratory Society · 2022Pooled it
- ESCMID rapid guidelines for assessment and management of long COVID.Clinical microbiology and infection : the official publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases · 2022Guideline
- Symptoms and signs of long COVID: A rapid review and meta-analysis.Journal of global health · 2022Pooled it
- 2022 ACC Expert Consensus Decision Pathway on Cardiovascular Sequelae of COVID-19 in Adults: Myocarditis and Other Myocardial Involvement, Post-Acute Sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 Infection, and Return to Play: A Report of the American College of Cardiology Solution Set Oversight Committee.Journal of the American College of Cardiology · 2022Guideline
- Prevalence of post-acute COVID-19 syndrome symptoms at different follow-up periods: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Clinical microbiology and infection : the official publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases · 2022Pooled it
- Clinical patterns of somatic symptoms in patients suffering from post-acute long COVID: a systematic review.European journal of clinical microbiology & infectious diseases : official publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology · 2022Pooled it
- Fatigue and cognitive impairment in Post-COVID-19 Syndrome: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Brain, behavior, and immunity · 2022Pooled it
- Effects of aerobic training on cardiopulmonary fitness in patients with long COVID-19: a randomized controlled trial.Trials · 2024Trial
- Additive benefit of rehabilitation on physical status, symptoms and mental health after hospitalisation for severe COVID-19 pneumonia.BMJ open respiratory research · 2023Trial
- Effectiveness and safety of Jinshuibao capsules in treatment of residual cardiopulmonary symptoms in convalescent patients of coronavirus disease 2019: a pilot randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial.Journal of traditional Chinese medicine = Chung i tsa chih ying wen pan · 2023Trial
- Cardiopulmonary Rehabilitation in Long-COVID-19 Patients with Persistent Breathlessness and Fatigue: The COVID-Rehab Study.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Trial
- Efficacy and safety of Bufei Huoxue capsules in the management of convalescent patients with COVID-19 infection: A multicentre, double-blind, and randomised controlled trial.Journal of ethnopharmacology · 2022Trial
- Elevated risk of first-time pulmonary hypertension among COVID-19 survivors: a 4.5-year longitudinal study.ERJ open research · 2026Article
- Persistent impairments in muscle function and symptom burden in post-COVID syndrome: a prospective longitudinal study.Journal of translational medicine · 2026Observational
- Widespread Molecular Imprints in the Serum Proteome of COVID-19 Convalescents Uncovering Immune System Sequelae.Molecular & cellular proteomics : MCP · 2026Article
209 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
49 authors at 5 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundAfter the 2002/2003 severe acute respiratory syndrome outbreak, 30% of survivors exhibited persisting structural pulmonary abnormalities. The long-term pulmonary sequelae of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) are yet unknown, and comprehensive clinical follow-up data are lacking.
methodsIn this prospective, multicentre, observational study, we systematically evaluated the cardiopulmonary damage in subjects recovering from COVID-19 at 60 and 100 days after confirmed diagnosis. We conducted a detailed questionnaire, clinical examination, laboratory testing, lung function analysis, echocardiography and thoracic low-dose computed tomography (CT).
resultsData from 145 COVID-19 patients were evaluated, and 41% of all subjects exhibited persistent symptoms 100 days after COVID-19 onset, with dyspnoea being most frequent (36%). Accordingly, patients still displayed an impaired lung function, with a reduced diffusing capacity in 21% of the cohort being the most prominent finding. Cardiac impairment, including a reduced left ventricular function or signs of pulmonary hypertension, was only present in a minority of subjects. CT scans unveiled persisting lung pathologies in 63% of patients, mainly consisting of bilateral ground-glass opacities and/or reticulation in the lower lung lobes, without radiological signs of pulmonary fibrosis. Sequential follow-up evaluations at 60 and 100 days after COVID-19 onset demonstrated a vast improvement of symptoms and CT abnormalities over time.
conclusionA relevant percentage of post-COVID-19 patients presented with persisting symptoms and lung function impairment along with radiological pulmonary abnormalities >100 days after the diagnosis of COVID-19. However, our results indicate a significant improvement in symptoms and cardiopulmonary status over time.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.