ArticleBMJ open2020
Influence of prior comorbidities and chronic medications use on the risk of COVID-19 in adults: a population-based cohort study in Tarragona, Spain.
Article in BMJ open, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 24 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
24 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 47 citations in OpenAlex.
- Individual risk factors associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection during Alpha variant in high-income countries: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in public health · 2024Pooled it
- The Association Between Previous Influenza Vaccination and COVID-19 Infection Risk and Severity: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.American journal of preventive medicine · 2022Pooled it
- Renin-Angiotensin Aldosterone System Inhibitors and COVID-19: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Revealing Critical Bias Across a Body of Observational Research.Journal of the American Heart Association · 2022Pooled it
- The Association between Allergic Rhinitis and COVID-19: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.International journal of clinical practice · 2022Pooled it
- Article
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- Identifying potential factors associated with PCR testing for COVID-19 among Australian young people: cross-sectional findings from a longitudinal study.BMC public health · 2022Article
- Influenza and Pneumococcal Vaccination and the Risk of COVID-19: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Review
- Impact of influenza vaccination on GP-diagnosed COVID-19 and all-cause mortality: a Dutch cohort study.BMJ open · 2022Article
- Does Influenza Vaccination Reduce the Risk of Contracting COVID-19?Journal of clinical medicine · 2022Article
- Drug-Disease Severity and Target-Disease Severity Interaction Networks in COVID-19 Patients.Pharmaceutics · 2022Article
- An overall protective effect of antipsychotic drugs against COVID-19 seems implausible.Schizophrenia research · 2022Article
- Impact of Coronavirus Disease 2019 on the Pediatric Population with Aerodigestive Disease.The Journal of pediatrics · 2022Article
- Susceptibility and risk of SARS-COV-2 infection among middle-aged and older adults in Tarragona area, Spain.Medicina clinica · 2022Article
- Susceptibility and risk of SARS-COV-2 infection among middle-aged and older adults in Tarragona area, Spain.Medicina clinica (English ed.) · 2022Article
- Efficacy and Safety of Non-brain Penetrating HCurrent topics in behavioral neurosciences · 2022Review
- Self-identified Race and COVID-19-Associated Acute Kidney Injury and Inflammation: a Retrospective Cohort Study of Hospitalized Inner-City COVID-19 Patients.Journal of general internal medicine · 2021Article
- COVID19-related and all-cause mortality risk among middle-aged and older adults across the first epidemic wave of SARS-COV-2 infection: a population-based cohort stuJune 2020.dy in Southern Catalonia, Spain, March-BMC public health · 2021Article
- The Complex Interplay between Immunonutrition, Mast Cells, and Histamine Signaling in COVID-19.Nutrients · 2021Review
- Renin-Angiotensin Aldosterone System Inhibitors in Primary Prevention and COVID-19.Journal of the American Heart Association · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
10 authors at 4 institutions in 4 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectiveTo investigate possible relationships between pre-existing medical conditions (including common comorbidities and chronic medications) and risk for suffering COVID-19 disease in middle-aged and older adults.
designPopulation-based retrospective cohort study.
settingTwelve primary care centres (PCCs) in Tarragona (Spain).
participants79 083 people (77 676 community-dwelling and 1407 nursing-home residents), who were all individuals aged >50 years affiliated to the 12 participating PCCs. OUTCOMES: Baseline cohort characteristics (age, sex, vaccinations, comorbidities and chronic medications) were established at study start (1st. March 2020) and primary outcome was time to COVID-19 confirmed by PCR among cohort members throughout the epidemic period (from 1st. March 2020 to 23rd. May 2020). Risk for suffering COVID-19 was evaluated by Cox regression, estimating multivariable HRs adjusted for age, sex, comorbidities and medications use.
resultsDuring the study period, 2324 cohort members were PCR-tested, with 1944 negative and 380 positive results, which means an incidence of 480.5 PCR-confirmed COVID-19 cases per 100 000 persons-period. Assessing the total study cohort, only age (HR 1.02; 95% CI 1.01 to 1.03; p=0.002), nursing-home residence (HR 21.83; 95% CI 16.66 to 28.61; p<0.001) and receiving diuretics (HR 1.35; 95% CI 1.04 to 1.76; p=0.026) appeared independently associated with increased risk. Smoking (HR 0.62; 95% CI 0.41 to 0.93; p=0.022), ACE inhibitors (HR 0.68; 95% CI 0.47 to 0.99; p=0.046) and antihistamine (HR 0.47; 95% CI 0.22 to 1.01; p=0.052) were associated with a lower risk. Among community-dwelling individuals, cancer (HR 1.52; 95% CI 1.03 to 2.24; p=0.035), chronic respiratory disease (HR 1.82; 95% CI 1.08 to 3.07; p=0.025) and cardiac disease (HR 1.53; 95% CI 1.06 to 2.19; p=0.021) emerged to be also associated with an increased risk. Receiving ACE inhibitors (HR 0.66; 95% CI 0.44 to 0.99; p=0.046) and influenza vaccination (HR 0.63; 95% CI 0.44 to 0.91; p=0.012) was associated with decreased risk.
conclusionAge, nursing-home residence and multiple comorbidities appear predisposing for COVID-19. Conversely, receiving ACE inhibitors, antihistamine and influenza vaccination could be protective, which should be closely investigated in further studies specifically focused on these concerns.
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