ArticleBMJ open2020
Natural history of tinnitus in adults: a cross-sectional and longitudinal analysis.
Article in BMJ open, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 28 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
28 citing papers in PubMed, 45 citations in OpenAlex.
- Mobile Application as a Digital Therapeutic for Chronic Tinnitus: A Randomized Clinical Trial.JAMA otolaryngology-- head & neck surgery · 2026Trial
- Different bimodal neuromodulation settings reduce tinnitus symptoms in a large randomized trial.Scientific reports · 2022Trial
- Tinnitus and tinnitus disorder: Genetic, neurobiological, and clinical differentiation.iScience · 2026Review
- Causal relationship between tinnitus and 8 psychiatric phenotypes: a Mendelian randomization study.European archives of psychiatry and clinical neuroscience · 2026Article
- Longitudinal analysis of the risk factors for onset and change in tinnitus in the Busselton Healthy Ageing Study.PloS one · 2026Article
- Somatosensory Intervention Targeting Temporomandibular Disorders and Awake Bruxism Positively Impacts Subjective Tinnitus.Audiology research · 2025Article
- Randomized controlled trial of prednisone in treating acute subjective tinnitus patients with normal pure-tone thresholds.iScience · 2025Article
- Development and Psychometric Validation of Tinnitus Qualities and Impact Questionnaire.Clinics and practice · 2025Article
- Mourning for Silence: Bereavement and Tinnitus-A Perspective.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Article
- Frailty links the heterogeneity of tinnitus disorder and response to interventions in older patients.Frontiers in neurology · 2025Review
- Optimization of the Operant Silent Gap-in-Noise Detection Paradigm in Humans.Journal of integrative neuroscience · 2024Observational
- Exploring the Association Between Clinical Characteristics and Etiopathogenesis of Tinnitus: A Cross-Sectional Study.Cureus · 2024Article
- Tinnitus: Clinical Insights in Its Pathophysiology-A Perspective.Journal of the Association for Research in Otolaryngology : JARO · 2024Review
- Greenness, Genetic Predisposition, and Tinnitus.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2024Article
- Depression, anxiety and brain volume after hearing loss and tinnitus: cohort study in the UK Biobank.BJPsych open · 2024Article
- Correlation of Tinnitus Severity Index and Tinnitus Handicap Inventory with Hematological Parameters in Patients with Subjective Tinnitus.International archives of otorhinolaryngology · 2023Article
- Barriers to Adoption of Digital Therapeutics (DTx) into Audiology Clinical Practice: Acknowledging the Challenges, Adapting to the Future.Seminars in hearing · 2023Review
- Prediction Models for Tinnitus Presence and the Impact of Tinnitus on Daily Life: A Systematic Review.Journal of clinical medicine · 2023Review
- Tinnitus and the Triple Network Model: A Perspective.Clinical and experimental otorhinolaryngology · 2022Review
- Tinnitus characteristics and associated variables on Tinnitus Handicap Inventory among a Hungarian population.Journal of otology · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectiveTo assess incidence and changes in tinnitus and bothersome tinnitus as well as associated risk factors in a large sample of UK adults.
designProspective cohort study.
settingUK.
participantsFor cross-sectional analysis, a group of 168 348 participants aged between 40 and 69 years with hearing and tinnitus data from the UK Biobank resource. Longitudinal analysis included a subset of 4746 people who attended a 4-year retest assessment.
main outcome measuresPresence and bothersomeness of tinnitus.
results17.7% and 5.8% of participants reported tinnitus or bothersome tinnitus, respectively. The 4-year incidence of tinnitus was 8.7%. Multivariate logistic regression models suggested that age, hearing difficulties, work noise exposure, ototoxic medication and neuroticism were all positively associated with both tinnitus and bothersome tinnitus. Reduced odds of tinnitus, but not bothersome tinnitus, was seen in alcohol drinkers versus non-drinkers. Male gender was associated with increased odds of tinnitus, while female gender was associated with increased odds of bothersome tinnitus. At follow-up, of those originally reporting tinnitus, 18.3% reported no tinnitus. Of those still reporting tinnitus, 9% reported improvement and 9% reported tinnitus becoming more bothersome, with the rest unchanged. Male gender and alcohol consumption were associated with tinnitus being reported less bothersome, and hearing difficulties were associated with the odds of tinnitus being reported as more bothersome.
conclusionsThis study is one of the few to provide data on the natural history of tinnitus in a non-clinical population, suggesting that resolution is relatively uncommon, with improvement and worsening of symptoms equally likely. There was limited evidence for any modifiable lifestyle factors being associated with changes in tinnitus symptoms. In view of the largely persistent nature of tinnitus, public health strategies should focus on: (1) primary prevention and (2) managing symptoms in people that have tinnitus and monitoring changes in bothersomeness.
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Registered trials
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