Evidence map›Paper›PMID 33303015›Full record

SynthesisAntimicrobial resistance and infection control2020

Evaluation of the health and healthcare system burden due to antimicrobial-resistant Escherichia coli infections in humans: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

M C MacKinnon, J M Sargeant, D L Pearl, R J Reid-Smith, C A Carson, E J Parmley, S A McEwen

Open access · goldAbstract readMeta-AnalysisSystematic Review
In one paragraph

Synthesis in Antimicrobial resistance and infection control, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 33 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
33citing papers in PubMed, 2 pooled it
2.2field-weighted citation impact, top 11% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

33 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 60 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Pooled it
  3. Article
  4. Article
  5. Article
  6. Addition of FeACS omega · 2025
    Article
  7. Antimicrobial Susceptibility Profiles ofAntibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025
    Article
  8. Article
  9. Seasonal Analysis of PathogenicFood science & nutrition · 2025
    Article
  10. Article
  11. Thematic description of factors linked with extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing Enterobacteriaceae in humans.Canada communicable disease report = Releve des maladies transmissibles au Canada · 2024
    Article
  12. Observational
  13. Article
  14. Antimicrobial resistance profiles ofJAC-antimicrobial resistance · 2024
    Article
  15. Article
  16. Review
  17. Article
  18. Review
  19. Article
  20. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.

M C MacKinnonDepartment of Population Medicine, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada. mmacki05@uoguelph.ca.ORCID 0000-0001-8966-2980
J M SargeantDepartment of Population Medicine, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada.
D L PearlDepartment of Population Medicine, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada.
R J Reid-SmithDepartment of Population Medicine, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada.
C A CarsonFood-Borne Disease and Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance Division, Centre of Food-borne Environmental and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Public Health Agency of Canada, Guelph, ON, Canada.
E J ParmleyDepartment of Population Medicine, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada.
S A McEwenDepartment of Population Medicine, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada.
University of Guelph · CAPublic Health Agency of Canada · CA

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundAssessment of the burden of disease due to antimicrobial-resistant Escherichia coli infections facilitates understanding the scale of the problem and potential impacts, and comparison to other diseases, which allows prioritization of research, surveillance, and funding. Using systematic review and meta-analysis methodology, the objectives were to evaluate whether humans with antimicrobial-resistant E. coli infections experience increases in measures of health or healthcare system burden when compared to susceptible E. coli infections.

methodsComprehensive literature searches were performed in four primary and seven grey literature databases. Analytic observational studies of human E. coli infections that assessed the impact of resistance to third/fourth/fifth-generation cephalosporins, resistance to quinolones, and/or multidrug resistance on mortality, treatment failure, length of hospital stay and/or healthcare costs were included. Two researchers independently performed screening, data extraction, and risk of bias assessment. When possible, random effect meta-analyses followed by assessment of the confidence in the cumulative evidence were performed for mortality and length of hospital stay outcomes, and narrative syntheses were performed for treatment failure and healthcare costs.

resultsLiterature searches identified 14,759 de-duplicated records and 76 articles were included. Based on 30-day and all-cause mortality meta-analyses, regardless of the type of resistance, there was a significant increase in the odds of dying with resistant E. coli infections compared to susceptible infections. A summary mean difference was not presented for total length of hospital stay meta-analyses due to substantial to considerable heterogeneity. Since small numbers of studies contributed to meta-analyses for bacterium-attributable mortality and post-infection length of hospital stay, the summary results should be considered with caution. Studies contributing results for treatment failure and healthcare costs had considerable variability in definitions and reporting.

conclusionsOverall, resistant E. coli infections were associated with significant 30-day and all-cause mortality burden. More research and/or improved reporting are necessary to facilitate quantitative syntheses of bacterium-attributable mortality, length of hospital stay, and hospital costs. Protocol Registration PROSPERO CRD42018111197.

Indexed as

Cost of IllnessDelivery of Health CareDrug Resistance, MicrobialEscherichia coli InfectionsHospital CostsHumansLength of StayAntimicrobial resistanceBurden of diseaseEscherichia coliLength of hospital stayMeta-analysisMortalityMultidrug resistanceQuinolone resistanceSystematic reviewThird-generation cephalosporin resistance

Identifiers

PMID33303015
PMCPMC7726913
OpenAlexW3111267662

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.