ArticleBMC medical education2020
Medical students' self-reported gender discrimination and sexual harassment over time.
Article in BMC medical education, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers.
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Who cites it
13 citing papers in PubMed.
- From novice to professional: comparing professional identity formation in undergraduate medical students: a cross-sectional study.BMC medical education · 2026Article
- Bullying and sexual harassment of medical and nursing students, in relation to stress, burnout and intention to dropout.International journal of medical education · 2026Article
- LIBRA: A simulation-based gender equality training programme for student leaders in higher education.Advances in simulation (London, England) · 2026Article
- Anti-harassment policies across Canadian and international medical programs: strengths, areas for improvement, and a need for standardization.Canadian medical education journal · 2025Article
- Impostor phenomenon and its association with resilience in medical education - a questionnaire study among Swedish medical students.BMC medical education · 2024Article
- A gender-based review of workplace violence amongst the global health workforce-A scoping review of the literature.PLOS global public health · 2024Article
- Perpetrators of gender-based workplace violence amongst nurses and physicians-A scoping review of the literature.PLOS global public health · 2024Article
- Influence of a sexism and sexual harassment prevention course on medical students' perceptions of and responses to problematic situations.BMC medical education · 2023Article
- Medical student perceptions and experiences of incivility: a qualitative study.BMC medical education · 2023Article
- Article
- Security and Violence Perception of Medical Interns during Social Service Practice in Mexico.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2021Article
- Gender inequity and sexual harassment in the pharmacy profession: Evidence and call to action.American journal of health-system pharmacy : AJHP : official journal of the American Society of Health-System Pharmacists · 2021Article
- Burnout and Psychological Safety: A Questionnaire Study of Medical Students.Journal of medical education and curricular developmentArticle
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Authors and funding
7 authors.
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Abstract
backgroundGender discrimination (GD) and sexual harassment (SH) occur at all academic institutions worldwide. Medical students report high prevalence of GD and SH, which may negatively affect their education and health. There are indications that policies and reforms on reducing GD/SH are insufficient. Swedish medical students' experiences of GD/SH are monitored by course-evaluations and bi-annual student union evaluations; however, the response rate is usually low. The aim of this study was to compare the exposure to and context of self-reported GD/SH over an 11-year period amongst medical students at a Swedish university.
methodsIn 2002, a questionnaire (n = 622) was mailed to medical students' home addresses. It was repeated in 2013 and then distributed during mandatory lectures (n = 856). The questions used a behavioristic approach and asked about specific GH/SH experiences. Participation was voluntary and anonymous. The changes in prevalence over time were calculated by sampling weights in order to obtain comparable estimates, representative of both cohorts.
resultsThe response frequency was 55% (62% women) in 2002 and 81% (59% women) in 2013. The prevalence of GD tended to decrease for male and clinical students in comparison to female and pre-clinical peers. However, the prevalence of SH increased for female compared to male students. The ratio of SH for female pre-clinical students doubled in many instances; most often, the mistreatment occurred in the clinic. Medical doctors were indicated as perpetrators up to five times more often by all students in 2013.
conclusionOur results show a disproportional change in exposure to GD/SH between female and male medical students, resulting in a widening of the gender gap regarding prevalence of GD and SH between 2002 and 2013. In particular, personal experiences of SH increased for both sexes. It is proof that institutional efforts to fight mistreatment might be ineffective.
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