Observational studyBMC pregnancy and childbirth2020
Study of thyroid function in pregnancy, its feto-maternal outcome; a prospective observational study.
Observational study in BMC pregnancy and childbirth, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 35 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
35 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 90 citations in OpenAlex.
- Prevalence of hypothyroidism among pregnant women and associated feto-maternal outcomes in India: Systematic review and meta-analysis.The Indian journal of medical research · 2026Pooled it
- Association of iron status indicators with thyroid hormone concentrations during pregnancy: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2025Pooled it
- Maternal thyroid function and offspring birth anthropometrics in women with polycystic ovary syndrome.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2024Trial
- Exposure to heavy metals and metalloids in PMScientific reports · 2026Observational
- Article
- Associations Between Overt and Subclinical Hypothyroidism in Pregnancy and Adverse Maternal and Neonatal Outcomes:Sultan Qaboos University medical journal · 2026Article
- The Relationship Between Thyroid Function or Subclinical Hypothyroidism in Early Pregnancy and Risk of Low Birth Weight and Small for Gestational Age of the Offspring: A Multicentre Prospective Cohort Study.International journal of medical sciences · 2026Article
- Gestational hypothyroxinemia causes an inflammatory environment at maternal-fetal tissues and fetal brain with impaired hippocampal dendritic spine maturation in the offspring.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Relationship Between Thyroid Function Tests and Birth Parameters at 41-Week-And-Above Pregnancies: A Prospective Cohort Study.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Impact of endocrine disrupting chemical exposure on thyroid disruption and oxidative stress in early pregnancy.Environmental analysis, health and toxicology · 2025Article
- Pathological features of the placenta in hypothyroidism during pregnancy: a population-based retrospective cohort study in Chinese population.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2025Article
- Impact of maternal thyroid dysfunction on fetal and maternal outcomes in pregnancy: a prospective cohort study.Clinical diabetes and endocrinology · 2024Article
- A study of autoimmune thyroid disease in pregnant women and its effect on fetal and maternal outcome.Journal of family medicine and primary care · 2024Article
- Impact of Hypothyroidism in Pregnancy on Feto-Maternal Outcomes: A Prospective Observational Study.Cureus · 2024Article
- Preconceptional Counseling in Women with Hyperthyroidism.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2024Review
- Gestational hypothyroxinemia induces ASD-like phenotypes in behavior, proinflammatory markers, and glutamatergic protein expression in mouse offspring of both sexes.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2024Article
- Prevalence of thyroid disorder in pregnant ladies among Maharashtrian women.Bioinformation · 2024Article
- Early treatment will prevent feto-maternal complications in thyroid disorders during pregnancy: A prospective study.Journal of family medicine and primary care · 2023Article
- Exploring the Potential of Olfactory Receptor Circulating RNA Measurement for Preeclampsia Prediction and Its Linkage to Mild Gestational Hypothyroidism.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
- Thyroid peroxidase antibody titers, thyroid function, and iodine nutrition status of pregnant normotensive and preeclamptic women in Eastern Cape South Africa.AJOG global reports · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundPregnancy is a stress test of maternal thyroid function. The prevalence of thyroid dysfunction in pregnant women is high. Subclinical hypothyroidism occurs in 10% of all pregnancies. Effects of hypothyroidism in pregnancy are anemia, low birth weight and mental retardation in neonate. This study is aimed to evaluate maternal and fetal outcomes in pregnant women with deranged thyroid profile. The relevance of this study is to document the association of hypothyroidism and its adverse effects on mother and fetus.
methodsThis prospective observational study was carried out at R.D. Gardi Medical College, Ujjain, India. Subjects of this study were 198 antenatal women in third trimester with singleton pregnancy admitted in the obstetric ward, and informed consent was obtained. Women were chosen irrespective of age, parity, residence and socioeconomic status. Women with multiple pregnancy, a known case of thyroid disorder, or any pre-existing medical disorder were excluded. Routine hematological parameters and estimation of T3, T4 and TSH was conducted. Patients with deranged thyroid profile were subsequently assessed for maternal and fetal complications. History of infertility, family history of thyroid disease, menstrual pattern, recurrent abortion, hemoglobin level and fetal outcome were the main study variables. Data was analysed in SPSS software for statistical co-relation.
resultsPrevalence of thyroid disorder is 11%; with subclinical hypothyroidism, overt hypothyroidism and subclinical hyperthyroidism occurring in 5.6, 3.5 and 1.5% of subjects respectively. In women with subclinical and overt hypothyroidism, anemia was present in 26.3% being significantly associated with hypothyroidism (p = 0.008). With respect to fetal outcome, LBW 31.6% (p = 0.001), NICU admission 42.1%, (p = 0.000) and low APGAR Score (21.1%, p = 0.042) were statistically associated with hypothyroidism. Risk of anemia, Low Birth weight, NICU admissions, and low APGAR score was 4.8, 6.3, 0.14 and 3.64 times higher respectively in women with hypothyroidism than in women who are euthyroid.
conclusionPrevalence of subclinical hypothyroidism is 5.6% in 3rd trimester of pregnancy. Anemia, pre-eclampsia, high caesarean rates and neonatal morbidities is significantly associated with hypothyroidism.
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