ArticleInternational journal of environmental research and public health2020
Environmental and Occupation Factors Associated with Vitamin D Deficiency in Korean Adults: The Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) 2010-2014.
Article in International journal of environmental research and public health, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
14 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 22 citations in OpenAlex.
- Shift Work and Serum Vitamin D Levels: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Pooled it
- Review
- Effect of smoking on vitamin D status in the adults of Henan, China: the role of HDL-C and LDL-C.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Non-Linear Associations Between Serum Vitamin D and Uric Acid in Korean Adults: 2022-2023 KNHANES Data.Nutrients · 2025Article
- Impact of Heavy Metals on the Antioxidant Activity of Vitamin D: A Metabolic Perspective.Metabolites · 2025Article
- Article
- Association of a dietary pattern related to serum vitamin D levels with metabolic syndrome risk among Korean adults: based on the Korean national health and nutrition examination survey.European journal of nutrition · 2024Article
- Sex and race disparities in the association between work characteristics and vitamin D deficiency: findings from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2005-2010.Occupational and environmental medicine · 2024Article
- Hypovitaminosis D in university workers in Southern Ecuador: interactions between gender and lifestyle.Frontiers in nutrition · 2024Article
- Effects of Vitamin D Deficiency on Sepsis.Nutrients · 2023Article
- Estimated dietary vitamin D intake and major vitamin D food sources of Koreans: based on the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2016-2019.Nutrition research and practice · 2023Article
- Comparisons Between Normocalcemic Primary Hyperparathyroidism and Typical Primary Hyperparathyroidism.Journal of Korean medical science · 2022Article
- Article
- Relationship between Vitamin D Deficiency and Periodontitis in Korean Adults Aged ≥60 Years: Analysis of Data from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2013-2014).International journal of environmental research and public health · 2021Article
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 5 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
While exposure to sunlight is a well-documented primary source of vitamin D supply, factors leading to vitamin D deficiency vary according to population characteristics. Using nationwide data from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES), we aimed to investigate a diverse range of potential factors in association with vitamin D deficiency. Overall, 21,208 participants aged ≥20 years were selected from KNHANES conducted between 2010 and 2014. The associations between various environmental and occupational factors and vitamin D deficiency (defined as serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] < 20 ng/mL) were evaluated in logistic regression models after controlling for potential covariates and also after stratification for age and sex. Under given criteria, 15,138 (71.4%) participants were vitamin D deficient. Significant associations were observed between vitamin D deficiency and average environmental temperature and radiation, weekly walking frequency, type of occupation, and shift work. When participants were stratified by age and sex, we observed greater associations of vitamin D deficiency with walking frequency among young males (odds ratio [OR] and 95% confidence interval [95% CI]: 1.24 [1.05-1.47] for those walking <5 times per week compared to those walking ≥5 times per week) and shift work (OR [95% CI]: 1.40 [1.10-1.78] for those working at night compared to those working during the day). We also observed a significant association of vitamin D deficiency with educational attainment (OR [95% CI]: 1.43 [1.09-1.89] for those with ≤middle school compared to those with ≥high school) among older group of females. This study suggests that vitamin D deficiency is related to geographical conditions and subpopulation characteristics. The age and sex-specific associations may urge the effective promotion of vitamin D supply recommendations.
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