Evidence map›Paper›PMID 33302033›Full record

ReviewInternational immunopharmacology2021

The deregulated immune reaction and cytokines release storm (CRS) in COVID-19 disease.

Ritu Pasrija, Mohammad Naime

Open access · greenAbstract readReview
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Review in International immunopharmacology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 68 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
68citing papers in PubMed, 2 pooled it
2.1field-weighted citation impact, top 7% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

68 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 115 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
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  13. Immunity and Coagulation in COVID-19.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024
    Review
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  19. The role of SARS-CoV-2-mediated NF-κB activation in COVID-19 patients.Hypertension research : official journal of the Japanese Society of Hypertension · 2024
    Review
  20. Review

8 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

2 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.

Ritu PasrijaDepartment of Biochemistry, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana, India.
Mohammad NaimeCentral Research Institute of Unani Medicine, Central Council for Research in Unani Medicine, Ministry of AYUSH, Government of India, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India.
Central Council for Research in Unani Medicine · INMaharshi Dayanand University · IN

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

COVID-19 caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus, accompanies an unprecedented spike in cytokines levels termed cytokines release syndrome (CRS), in critically ill patients. Clinicians claim that the surge demonstrates a deregulated immune defence in host, as infected cell expression analysis depicts a delay in type-I (interferon-I) and type-III IFNs expression, along with a limited Interferon-Stimulated Gene (ISG) response, which later resume and culminates in elicitation of several cytokines including- IL-6, IL-8, IL-12, TNFα, IL-17, MCP-1, IP-10 and IL-10 etc. Although cytokines are messenger molecules of the immune system, but their increased concentration results in inflammation, infiltration of macrophages, neutrophils and lung injury in patients. This inflammatory response results in the precarious pathogenesis of COVID-19; thus, a complete estimation of the immune response against SARS-CoV-2 is vital in designing a harmless and effective vaccine. In pathogenesis analysis, it emerges that a timely forceful type-I IFN production (18-24hrs post infection) promotes innate and acquired immune responses, while a delay in IFNs production (3-4 days post infection) actually renders both innate and acquired responses ineffective in fighting infection. Further, underlying conditions including hypertension, obesity, cardio-vascular disease etc may increase the chances of putting people in risk groups, which end up having critical form of infection. This review summarizes the events starting from viral entry, its struggle with the immune system and failure of host immunological parameters to obliterate the infections, which finally culminate into massive release of CRS and inflammation in gravely ill patients.

Indexed as

SARS-CoV-2AnimalsCOVID-19Cytokine Release SyndromeCytokinesHumansTh17 CellsCytokinesACE2Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS)Corona virusCOVID-19Cytokine Release Storm (CRS)Deregulated immune responseImmune cell homeostasisSARS-CoV-2

Identifiers

PMID33302033
PMCPMC7691139
OpenAlexW3108655509

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.