ArticleKidney international2021
Age- and sex-dependent clinical equations to estimate glomerular filtration rates in children and young adults with chronic kidney disease.
Article in Kidney international, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 2 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 289 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Chronic Kidney Disease in Children Prospective Cohort Study (CKiD)
A Multicenter, Open-label, Controlled Study to Investigate the Effect of Either LF111 or Drospirenone Chewable Tablets on Bone Mineral Density (BMD) in Adolescent and Adult Women in Comparison With Non-users of Hormonal Contraceptive Methods
Who cites it
289 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 365 citations in OpenAlex.
- Immunosuppressive therapy for IgA nephropathy in children.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2024Pooled it
- Elevated serum creatinine over the first week of life and mortality risk in extremely preterm neonates: a secondary analysis of the Preterm Erythropoietin Neuroprotection Trial (PENUT).Pediatric nephrology (Berlin, Germany) · 2026Trial
- Steroid-sparing drugs in children and young adults with nephrotic syndrome: a target trial emulation.Nephrology, dialysis, transplantation : official publication of the European Dialysis and Transplant Association - European Renal Association · 2026Trial
- Trial
- Association of delayed cord clamping with acute kidney injury and two-year kidney outcomes in extremely premature neonates: a secondary analysis of the preterm erythropoietin neuroprotection trial (PENUT).Journal of perinatology : official journal of the California Perinatal Association · 2025Trial
- Increased risk of kidney failure in patients with genetic kidney disorders.The Journal of clinical investigation · 2024Trial
- Predictors of augmented renal clearance based on iohexol plasma clearance in critically ill children.Pediatric nephrology (Berlin, Germany) · 2024Trial
- Comparison of different equations for estimating the glomerular filtration rate in pediatric kidney transplant recipients.Pediatric nephrology (Berlin, Germany) · 2026Article
- Ambulatory arterial stiffness index among children and adolescents with chronic kidney disease: a report from the Chronic Kidney Disease in Children Study.Pediatric nephrology (Berlin, Germany) · 2026Article
- Performance of GFR estimation equations in pediatric hematology-oncology patients.Pediatric nephrology (Berlin, Germany) · 2026Article
- Characterizing children with chronic kidney disease and severe proteinuria in the United States: a retrospective analysis using electronic health records.Pediatric nephrology (Berlin, Germany) · 2026Article
- APOL1 and chronic kidney disease in pediatrics: a study from the Biorepository and Integrative Genomics Initiative.Pediatric nephrology (Berlin, Germany) · 2026Article
- Eicosanoids as Biomarkers of Hyperfiltration-Mediated Injury in CKD.Kidney international reports · 2026Article
- Cardiac adaptation in pediatric kidney transplant recipients with large donor-recipient size discrepancy: a speckle-tracking echocardiography study.Pediatric nephrology (Berlin, Germany) · 2026Article
- Feasibility and acceptability of a telehealth-supported physical activity program for children with chronic kidney disease: a pilot mixed methods study.Pediatric nephrology (Berlin, Germany) · 2026Article
- Impact of cumulative glucocorticoid exposure on vancomycin clearance in hospitalized children: A retrospective cohort study.British journal of clinical pharmacology · 2026Article
- Bile acid metabolites and carotid intima media thickness in the Chronic Kidney Disease in Children (CKiD) study.Pediatric nephrology (Berlin, Germany) · 2026Article
- Ambulatory blood pressure abnormalities, obstructive sleep apnea, and end-organ damage in children with sickle cell disease.Pediatric nephrology (Berlin, Germany) · 2026Article
- Kidney function parameters in South African children living with HIV on antiretroviral therapy.Antiviral therapy · 2026Observational
- The epidemiology of kidney and urinary tract infections in pediatric chronic kidney disease: prevalence, risk factors and association with GFR decline in the Chronic Kidney Disease in Children Study.Pediatric nephrology (Berlin, Germany) · 2026Article
229 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Using data (2655 observations from 928 participants) from the Chronic Kidney Disease in Children Study, we developed and internally validated new glomerular filtration rate estimating equations for clinical use in children and young adults: two forms of K × [heigh(ht) / serum creatinine(sCr)] and two forms of K × [1 / cystatin C(cysC)]. For each marker, one equation used a sex-dependent K; in the other, K is sex-and age-dependent. Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) was measured directly by plasma iohexol disappearance. The equations using ht⁄sCr had sex-specific constants of 41.8 for males and 37.6 for females. In the age- dependent models, K increased monotonically for children 1-18 years old and was constant for young adults 18-25 years. For males, K ranged from 35.7 for one-year-olds to 50.8 for those 18 and older. For females, the values of K ranged from 33.1 to 41.4. Constant K values for cystatin-C equations were 81.9 for males and 74.9 for females. With age-dependency, K varied non-monotonically with the highest values at age 15 for males (K of 87.2) and 12 years for females (K of 79.9). Use of an age-dependent K with ht/sCr models reduced average bias, notably in young children and young adults; age-dependent cystatin-C models produced similar agreement to using a constant K in children under 18 years, but reduced bias in young adults. These age-dependent proposed equations were evaluated alongside estimated GFRs from 11 other published equations for pediatrics and young adults. Only our proposed equations yielded non- significant bias and within 30% accuracy values greater than 85% in both the pediatric and young adult subpopulations.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.