ArticlePloS one2020
COVID-19 hospitalizations in Brazil's Unified Health System (SUS).
Article in PloS one, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 29 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
29 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 84 citations in OpenAlex.
- Association of Obesity With COVID-19 Severity and Mortality: An Updated Systemic Review, Meta-Analysis, and Meta-Regression.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2022Pooled it
- Chronic Diseases as a Predictor for Severity and Mortality of COVID-19: A Systematic Review With Cumulative Meta-Analysis.Frontiers in medicine · 2021Pooled it
- Safety and long-term improvement of mesenchymal stromal cell infusion in critically COVID-19 patients: a randomized clinical trial.Stem cell research & therapy · 2022Trial
- Hospital readmission rates and factors due to COVID-19 reinfections: a registry-based cohort study in Brazil (2020-2022).BMC public health · 2025Article
- Influence of the Covid-19 pandemic on cerebrovascular diseases in the Sao Paulo region of Brazil.Communications medicine · 2025Article
- Observational
- COVID-19 inpatient care performance in the unified health system, São Paulo state, Brazil: an application of standardized mortality ratio for hospitals' comparisons : COVID-19 inpatient care performance in SUS, Brazil.BMC health services research · 2024Observational
- Using machine learning to estimate health spillover effects.The European journal of health economics : HEPAC : health economics in prevention and care · 2024Article
- Analyzing the COVID-19 Transmission Dynamics in Acre, Brazil: An Ecological Study.Epidemiologia (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- COVID-19, SDGs and public health systems: Linkages in Brazil.Health policy OPEN · 2023Article
- COVID-19 inpatient mortality in Brazil from 2020 to 2022: a cross-sectional overview study based on secondary data.International journal for equity in health · 2023Article
- Diabetes related phenotypes and their influence on outcomes of patients with corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19).Diabetology & metabolic syndrome · 2023Article
- Article
- A beta regression analysis of COVID-19 mortality in Brazil.Infectious Disease Modelling · 2023Article
- Factors associated with mortality in mechanically ventilated patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome due to COVID-19 evolution.Critical care science · 2023Article
- Analysis of possible risk predictors in patients with coronavirus disease 2019: a retrospective cohort study.Revista da Associacao Medica Brasileira (1992) · 2023Observational
- Deaths Related to Chagas Disease and COVID-19 Co-Infection, Brazil, March-December 2020.Emerging infectious diseases · 2022Article
- Mortality Risk Factors for Coronavirus Infection in Hospitalized Adults in Brazil: A Retrospective Cohort Study.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Observational
- COVID-19 Mortality in Public Hospitals in a Brazilian State: An Analysis of the Three Waves of the Pandemic.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Observational
- Cost Utility of Vaccination Against COVID-19 in Brazil.Value in health regional issues · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectiveTo study the profile of hospitalizations due to COVID-19 in the Unified Health System (SUS) in Brazil and to identify factors associated with in-hospital mortality related to the disease.
methodsCross-sectional study, based on secondary data on COVID-19 hospitalizations that occurred in the SUS between late February through June. Patients aged 18 years or older with primary or secondary diagnoses indicative of COVID-19 were included. Bivariate analyses were performed and generalized linear mixed models (GLMM) were estimated with random effects intercept. The modeling followed three steps, including: attributes of the patients; elements of the care process; and characteristics of the hospital and place of hospitalization.
results89,405 hospitalizations were observed, of which 24.4% resulted in death. COVID-19 patients hospitalized in the SUS were predominantly male (56.5%) with a mean age of 58.9 years. The length of stay ranged from less than 24 hours to 114 days, with a mean of 6.9 (±6.5) days. Of the total number of hospitalizations, 22.6% reported ICU use. The odds on in-hospital death were 16.8% higher among men than among women and increased with age. Black individuals had a higher likelihood of death. The behavior of the Charlson and Elixhauser indices was consistent with the hypothesis of a higher risk of death among patients with comorbidities, and obesity had an independent effect on increasing this risk. Some states, such as Amazonas and Rio de Janeiro, had a higher risk of in-hospital death from COVID-19. The odds on in-hospital death were 72.1% higher in municipalities with at least 100,000 inhabitants, though being hospitalized in the municipality of residence was a protective factor.
conclusionThere was broad variation in COVID-19 in-hospital mortality in the SUS, associated with demographic and clinical factors, social inequality, and differences in the structure of services and quality of health care.
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