Evidence map›Paper›PMID 33300015›Full record

ArticlemedRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences2020

Sewage, Salt, Silica and SARS-CoV-2 (4S): An economical kit-free method for direct capture of SARS-CoV-2 RNA from wastewater.

Oscar N Whitney, Lauren C Kennedy, Vinson Fan, Adrian Hinkle, Rose Kantor, Hannah Greenwald, Alexander Crits-Christoph, Basem Al-Shayeb, Mira Chaplin, Anna C Maurer and 2 more

Open access · greenAbstract readPreprint
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed, 25 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

12 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.

Oscar N WhitneyDepartment of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA.
Lauren C KennedyDepartment of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA.
Vinson FanDepartment of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA.
Adrian HinkleDepartment of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA.
Rose KantorDepartment of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA.
Hannah GreenwaldDepartment of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA.
Alexander Crits-ChristophDepartment of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA.
Basem Al-ShayebDepartment of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA.
Mira ChaplinDepartment of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA.
Anna C MaurerDepartment of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA.
Robert TjianDepartment of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA.
Kara L NelsonDepartment of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA.
University of California, Berkeley · USInnovative Genomics Institute · USHoward Hughes Medical Institute · US

Funding

THE MOLECULAR BASIS OF CELL FUNCTIONT32GM007232 · NIGMS · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA BERKELEY · PI BILDER, DAVID, UNAL, ELCIN · 1985 to 2022
$36.4M
Genetic Dissection of Cells and Organisms Training ProgramT32GM132022 · NIGMS · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA BERKELEY · PI Nicole King, NOAH K WHITEMAN · 2019 to 2026
$5.2M
NIGMS NIH HHS T32 GM007232NIGMS NIH HHS T32 GM132022
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Wastewater-based epidemiology is an emerging tool to monitor COVID-19 infection levels by measuring the concentration of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) RNA in wastewater. There remains a need to improve wastewater RNA extraction methods' sensitivity, speed, and reduce reliance on often expensive commercial reagents to make wastewater-based epidemiology more accessible. We present a kit-free wastewater RNA extraction method, titled "Sewage, Salt, Silica and SARS-CoV-2" (4S), that employs the abundant and affordable reagents sodium chloride (NaCl), ethanol and silica RNA capture matrices to recover 6-fold more SARS-CoV-2 RNA from wastewater than an existing ultrafiltration-based method. The 4S method concurrently recovered pepper mild mottle virus (PMMoV) and human 18S ribosomal subunit rRNA, both suitable as fecal concentration controls. The SARS-CoV-2 RNA concentrations measured in three sewersheds corresponded to the relative prevalence of COVID-19 infection determined via clinical testing. Lastly, controlled experiments indicate that the 4S method prevented RNA degradation during storage of wastewater samples, was compatible with heat pasteurization, and could be performed in approximately 3 hours. Overall, the 4S method is promising for effective, economical, and accessible wastewater-based epidemiology for SARS-CoV-2, providing another tool to fight the global pandemic.

Indexed as

COVID-19direct extractionheat pasteurizationSARS-CoV-2ultrafiltrationWastewater-based epidemiologyWastewater RNA extraction

Identifiers

PMID33300015
PMCPMC7724686
OpenAlexW3109729269

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.