ArticleUrology case reports2021
Onset of azoospermia in man treated with ipilimumab/nivolumab for BRAF negative metastatic melanoma.
Article in Urology case reports, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
18 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 29 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pooled it
- Oncofertility outcomes in early-onset patients with non-breast solid malignancies: a systematic review.EClinicalMedicine · 2026Article
- Investigation of the protective effects of hesperidin against nivolumab toxicity in rat testis tissue.Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology · 2026Article
- Reproductive Toxicity of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer: A Case Report with a Literature Review.Diseases (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Immune-modulating medications: the masquerading culprit of epididymo-orchitis.BMJ case reports · 2026Article
- Impact of immunotherapy and small molecule cancer therapy on fertility: a narrative review of current evidence, mechanisms and future directions.BMJ oncology · 2026Review
- Gonadotoxicity of immunotherapy and targeted agents in patients with cancer and impact on subsequent pregnancies.Human reproduction (Oxford, England) · 2025Review
- Pharmacovigilance analysis of immune checkpoint inhibitor-related reproductive adverse effects based on the FDA adverse event reporting system.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Anti-CTLA-and anti-PD-1 immune checkpoint inhibitor antibodies impair human sperm motilityFrontiers in pharmacology · 2025Article
- Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors Impact Fertility: A Review.Reviews on recent clinical trials · 2025Review
- Resveratrol alleviates testicular toxicity induced by anti-PD-1 through regulating the NRF2-SLC7A11-GPX4 pathway.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- The potential role of exercise in mitigating fertility toxicity associated with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) in cancer patients.The journal of physiological sciences : JPS · 2024Review
- Fertility in young-onset colorectal patients with cancer: a review.The oncologist · 2024Review
- Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors and Male Fertility: Should Fertility Preservation Options Be Considered before Treatment?Cancers · 2024Review
- The Impact of Systemic Oncological Treatments on the Fertility of Adolescents and Young Adults-A Systematic Review.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- Review
- Cutaneous Melanoma and Hormones: Focus on Sex Differences and the Testis.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Review
- Fertility and CAR T-cells: Current practice and future directions.Transplantation and cellular therapy · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Azoospermia is classified as the complete absence of sperm in ejaculate and accounts for 10-15% of male infertility. Many anticancer drugs are known to cause defects in spermatogenesis, but the effects of immune checkpoint inhibitor cancer therapy on spermatogenesis remains largely unknown. Presented here is a normozoospermic man (60 million sperm/cc of ejaculate) who received a trial combination treatment of Ipilimumab/Nivolumab to treat BRAF negative, stage IV metastatic melanoma. Two years after the treatment, the patient presented as completely azoospermic. The patient subsequently underwent microdissection testicular sperm extraction, during which no sperm was retrieved, and sertoli-only pathology was elucidated.
Indexed as
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.