ArticleClinical ophthalmology (Auckland, N.Z.)2020
The Impact of Re-Operation, Relatives and Race on the Oculocardiac Reflex During Strabismus Surgery.
Article in Clinical ophthalmology (Auckland, N.Z.), 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT04353960 (The Alaska Oculocardiac Reflex Study), which is not on this map. Cited by 10 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
The Alaska Oculocardiac Reflex Study
Who cites it
10 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 8 citations in OpenAlex.
- Life-threatening complications in ophthalmic surgery: a systematic review.Eye (London, England) · 2025Pooled it
- Effect of Sub-Anesthetic Dose Esketamine on Oculocardiac Reflex in Children Undergoing Day-Case Strabismus Surgery: A Randomized Controlled Trial.Drug design, development and therapy · 2026Trial
- Oculocardiac Reflex During Strabismus Surgery: Conjunctival Incision versus Standardized Rectus Muscle Traction.Clinical ophthalmology (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2026Article
- Pediatric and Juvenile Strabismus Surgery Under General Anesthesia: Functional Outcomes and Safety.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Article
- Comparison of Rocuronium and Cisatracurium in Ophthalmic Surgeries in Association with the Incidence of Intraoperative Bradycardia- A Retrospective Study.Drug design, development and therapy · 2025Article
- The role of surgical factors eliciting oculocardiac reflex of patients undergoing orbital tumor surgery: a retrospective study.Graefe's archive for clinical and experimental ophthalmology = Albrecht von Graefes Archiv fur klinische und experimentelle Ophthalmologie · 2024Article
- Comparing Effectiveness and Safety of Intravenous Atropine with Topical Tetracaine in Preventing and Relieving Oculocardiac Reflex in Patients Undergoing Strabismus Surgery: A Randomized Clinical Trial.Advanced biomedical research · 2024Article
- Prediction of the Occurrence of the Oculocardiac Reflex Based on the Assessment of Heart Rate Variability. An Observational Study.Ophthalmology and therapy · 2022Article
- The Oculocardiac Reflex: A Review.Clinical ophthalmology (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2021Review
- Anesthetic Impacts on the Oculocardiac Reflex: Evidence from a Large, Observational Study.Clinical ophthalmology (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
purposeThe oculocardiac reflex (OCR) is a trigeminovagal bradycardia elicited by tension on an extraocular muscle (EOM). Using three decades of observational data, we investigated whether or not individual strabismus patients are prone to oculocardiac reflex. PATIENTS AND
methodsAll patients undergoing strabismus surgery from 1992 to 2019 had deliberate 10-second, 200-gram square-wave tension on extraocular rectus muscles with anesthetic variables recorded. OCR was defined as the maximally tension-altered heart rate as a percent of stable baseline heart rate.
resultsOCR was compared in 2532 original cases with 323 re-operations. The 169 cases that used anticholinergics (99% OCR) were excluded from the analysis. The median OCR, a 15% drop, was found to be 85% (95% CI 39%, 102%,; range 5-151%). Factors that showed a significant effect on the OCR were the type of EOM with lateral rectus least (Kruskal-Wallis X
conclusionWe confirmed the previously published blocking effect of atropine, augmenting impact of opioids, and an inverse relationship of age on OCR. There was a weak proclivity for individuals to be prone to OCR. We found an impact of race with Caucasians having more OCR.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.