ReviewClinical ophthalmology (Auckland, N.Z.)2020
A Review of the Mechanism of Action of Cyclosporine A: The Role of Cyclosporine A in Dry Eye Disease and Recent Formulation Developments.
Review in Clinical ophthalmology (Auckland, N.Z.), 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT06392438 (Combination of 0.09% Cyclosporine and Intense Pulsed Light), which is not on this map. Cited by 70 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Combination of 0.09% Cyclosporine and Intense Pulsed Light (IPL) Therapy for the Treatment of Dry Eye Disease in Symptomatic Contact Lens Wearers: a Sham-Controlled Randomized Clinical Trial
Who cites it
70 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 118 citations in OpenAlex.
- Evidence on the Use of Topical Ciclosporin for Ocular Surface Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Clinical & experimental ophthalmology · 2025Pooled it
- Efficacy of topical cyclosporine A in optimizing ocular surface and relieving dry eye symptoms after cataract surgery: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.International ophthalmology · 2025Pooled it
- Systematic review of ocular surface treatments in the setting of thyroid eye disease.Frontiers in ophthalmology · 2024Pooled it
- Comparison of seven cyclosporine A formulations for dry eye disease: A systematic review and network meta-analysis.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2022Pooled it
- Comparative study on the clinical effectiveness of low-concentration cyclosporine eye drops in patients with dry eye disease.PloS one · 2026Trial
- Clinical Efficacy and Safety of Preservative Free Cyclosporine in Dry Eye Disease.Clinical ophthalmology (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2025Trial
- Changing from preserved, to preservative-free cyclosporine 0.1% enhanced triple glaucoma therapy: impact on ocular surface disease-a randomized controlled trial.Eye (London, England) · 2023Trial
- Trial
- Matching-adjusted indirect comparison of phase 3 clinical trial outcomes of OC-01 (varenicline solution) nasal spray and lifitegrast 5% ophthalmic solution for the treatment of dry eye disease.Journal of managed care & specialty pharmacy · 2023Trial
- Cyclosporine A (0.05%) Ophthalmic Gel in the Treatment of Dry Eye Disease: A Multicenter, Randomized, Double-Masked, Phase III, COSMO Trial.Drug design, development and therapy · 2022Trial
- [Current treatment, foreseeable newcomer and new treatment approaches for Sjögren's disease].Zeitschrift fur Rheumatologie · 2026Review
- Matching-adjusted indirect comparison of acoltremon ophthalmic solution 0.003% and cyclosporine 0.05% ophthalmic emulsion for increased tear production in patients with dry eye disease.Journal of comparative effectiveness research · 2026Article
- Pharmacological, Natural and Emerging Therapies for Meibomian Gland Dysfunction: A Review.Drugs · 2026Review
- A liposomal formulation of cyclosporine a shows promising results in treating symptoms of moderate to severe dry eye disease in dogs.Drug delivery and translational research · 2026Article
- Current and Developing Therapeutics for Dry Eye Disease: Targeting Ion Channels.Current issues in molecular biology · 2026Review
- Article
- Protecting Effects of Rutin and N-Acetyl Cysteine on PON1 Enzyme in Cyclosporine A-Treated Rats: AnAdvanced biomedical research · 2026Article
- Conjunctival transforming growth factor-β2 and vascular endothelial growth factor in canine keratoconjunctivitis sicca: Baseline alterations, clinical associations, and response to 0.2% cyclosporine therapy.Veterinary world · 2026Article
- Integration of Boruta algorithm and latent class analysis for risk factors of 30-day mortality in pediatric hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis based on peripheral blood indicators.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2026Article
- The Effects of Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Derived Exosomes on the Attenuation of Dry Eye Disease in Sjögren Syndrome Animal Model.Tissue engineering and regenerative medicine · 2025Article
10 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Dry eye disease (DED) is a multifactorial disease of the ocular surface and tear film that has gained awareness as a public health problem. Characteristics of DED include tear film instability, hyperosmolarity, and ocular surface inflammation, which can occur independently or may be a sequela of numerous ocular diseases, ocular surgery or contact lens wear. Much has been learned about the impact of the disease to help affected individuals who report symptoms of poor vision, pain, and tearing. Recently, new research highlights the importance of the role of ocular surface inflammation and damage in DED-leading to a vicious cycle of inflammation as well as loss of tear film homeostasis. DED immunopathophysiology is characterized by four stages: initiation, amplification, recruitment, and re-initiation. Cyclosporine is proven to be a valuable ophthalmic therapeutic for DED through its immunomodulatory actions and regulation of the adaptive immune response. Cyclosporine mechanism of action is well described in the published literature and the myriad of benefits in all four stages lend a broad-based immunomodulatory function particularly suitable for addressing DED. Furthermore, cyclosporine has unique goblet cell density improvement capabilities as well as anti-apoptotic properties. Topical formulations of cyclosporine are centered around addressing the highly lipophilic nature of the molecule. The poor aqueous solubility of cyclosporine traditionally presented technical challenges in drug delivery to the ocular surface. Newer formulations such as cationic emulsions and nanomicellar aqueous solutions address formulation, tissue concentration, and drug delivery challenges.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.