ArticleNature protocols2021
In vitro generation of self-renewing human intestinal epithelia over planar and shaped collagen hydrogels.
Article in Nature protocols, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 47 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
47 citing papers in PubMed, 72 citations in OpenAlex.
- Geometrically Constrained Growth Factor Concentration Favors Enrichment of Goblet Cells and Mucus Formation.ACS biomaterials science & engineering · 2026Article
- A multifaceted model of Entamoeba histolytica KERP2 regulating gene expression and host cell responses.Nature communications · 2026Article
- UC-associated autoantibodies to αvβ6 inhibit mucosal TGFβ activation and predispose to intestinal inflammation.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Human organoids as 3D in vitro platforms for drug discovery: opportunities and challenges.Nature reviews. Drug discovery · 2026Review
- Advanced human organoid-on-chip with physiological cellular complexity reveals bidirectional secretion patterns.iScience · 2026Article
- Spatiotemporal-controlled ultrasound-driven Li-PDA@ZnO nanoparticles promote neural stem cell differentiation synergy with biohydrogel repair spinal cord injury.Bioactive materials · 2026Article
- AnBiofabrication · 2025Article
- Tension-induced directional migration of hepatic stellate cells potentially coordinates liver fibrosis progression.Nature biomedical engineering · 2025Article
- Advancements and Challenges in Modeling Mechanobiology in Intestinal Host-Microbiota Interaction.ACS applied materials & interfaces · 2025Review
- Imaging 3D cell cultures with optical microscopy.Nature methods · 2025Review
- hESCs-derived Organoids Achieve Liver Zonation Features through LSEC Modulation.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2025Article
- Enteroendocrine cells regulate intestinal barrier permeability.American journal of physiology. Cell physiology · 2025Article
- Enteroendocrine Cells Regulate Intestinal Barrier Permeability.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Preparing Chamber Slides With Pressed Collagen for Live Imaging Monolayers of Primary Human Intestinal Stem Cells.Bio-protocol · 2024Article
- Intestinal organ chips for disease modelling and personalized medicine.Nature reviews. Gastroenterology & hepatology · 2024Review
- A Microphysiological System with an Anaerobic Air-Liquid Interface and Functional Mucus Layer for Coculture of Intestinal Bacteria and Primary Human Colonic Epithelium.Advanced materials interfaces · 2024Article
- Creation of a spatially complex mucus bilayer on an in vitro colon model.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- An in vitro platform for quantifying cell cycle phase lengths in primary human intestinal epithelial cells.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- IL-22 promotes mucin-type O-glycosylation and MATH1Cell reports · 2024Article
- Towards Full Thickness Small Intestinal Models: Incorporation of Stromal Cells.Tissue engineering and regenerative medicine · 2024Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
The large intestine, with its array of crypts lining the epithelium and diverse luminal contents, regulates homeostasis throughout the body. In vitro crypts formed from primary human intestinal epithelial stem cells on a 3D shaped hydrogel scaffold replicate the functional and architectural features of in vivo crypts. Collagen scaffolding assembly methods are provided, along with the microfabrication and soft lithography protocols necessary to shape these hydrogels to match the dimensions and density of in vivo crypts. In addition, stem-cell scale-up protocols are provided so that even ultrasmall primary samples can be used as starting material. Initially, these cells are seeded as a proliferative monolayer over the shaped scaffold and cultured as stem/proliferative cells to expand them and cover the scaffold surface with the crypt-shaped structures. To convert these immature crypts into fully polarized, functional units with a basal stem cell niche and luminal differentiated cell zone, stable, linear gradients of growth factors are formed across the crypts. This platform supports the formation of chemical gradients across the crypts, including those of growth and differentiation factors, inflammatory compounds, bile and food metabolites and bacterial products. All microfabrication and device assembly steps are expected to take 8 d, with the primary cells cultured for 12 d to form mature in vitro crypts.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.