Evidence map›Paper›PMID 33298988›Full record

ArticleScientific reports2020

Development and validation of a timely and representative finite element human spine model for biomechanical simulations.

Ibrahim El Bojairami, Khaled El-Monajjed, Mark Driscoll

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Scientific reports, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 20 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
20citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

20 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Three-Dimensional Printing in Pediatric Orthopaedics: Cost Analysis and Emerging Applications.Journal of the Pediatric Orthopaedic Society of North America · 2026
    Review
  3. Review
  4. Article
  5. Development and Assessment of a Novel Generic Finite Element Spine Model for Clinical Applications.International journal for numerical methods in biomedical engineering · 2025
    Article
  6. A finite element study of the effect of cross-link stabilisation in a lumbar spine tumour model.Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers. Part H, Journal of engineering in medicine · 2025
    Article
  7. Article
  8. Article
  9. Article
  10. Article
  11. Article
  12. Article
  13. Article
  14. Article
  15. Computational modelling of the scoliotic spine: A literature review.International journal for numerical methods in biomedical engineering · 2021
    Review
  16. Article
  17. Article
  18. Article
  19. Computational Challenges in Tissue Engineering for the Spine.Bioengineering (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021
    Review
  20. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

3 authors.

Ibrahim El BojairamiMusculoskeletal Biomechanics Research Laboratory, Department of Mechanical Engineering, McGill University, 817 Sherbrooke Street West, Macdonald Eng. Bldg. Office #153, Montreal, QC, H3A 0C3, Canada.ORCID 0000-0002-2463-0897
Khaled El-MonajjedMusculoskeletal Biomechanics Research Laboratory, Department of Mechanical Engineering, McGill University, 817 Sherbrooke Street West, Macdonald Eng. Bldg. Office #153, Montreal, QC, H3A 0C3, Canada.ORCID 0000-0002-1481-7287
Mark DriscollMusculoskeletal Biomechanics Research Laboratory, Department of Mechanical Engineering, McGill University, 817 Sherbrooke Street West, Macdonald Eng. Bldg. Office #153, Montreal, QC, H3A 0C3, Canada. mark.driscoll@mcgill.ca.ORCID 0000-0002-5348-6054

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Numerous spine Finite Element (FE) models have been developed to assess spinal tolerances, spinal loadings and low back pain-related issues. However, justified simplifications, in terms of tissue decomposition and inclusion, for such a complex system may overlook crucial information. Thus, the purpose of this research was to develop and validate a comprehensive and representative spine FE model inclusive of an accurate representation of all major torso elements. A comprehensive model comprised of 273 tissues was developed via a novel FE meshing method to enhance computational feasibility. A comprehensive set of indirect validation tests were carried out to validate every aspect of the model. Under an increasing angular displacement of 24°-41°, the lumbar spine recorded an increasing moment from 5.5 to 9.3 Nm with an increase in IVD pressures from 0.41 to 0.66 MPa. Under forward flexion, vertical vertebral displacements simulated a 6% and 13% maximum discrepancy for intra-abdominal and intramuscular pressure results, all closely resembling previously documented in silico measured values. The developed state-of-the-art model includes most physiological tissues known to contribute to spinal loadings. Given the simulation's accuracy, confirmed by its validation tests, the developed model may serve as a reliable spinal assessment tool.

Indexed as

Models, BiologicalBiomechanical PhenomenaFinite Element AnalysisHumansLumbar VertebraePosturePressureRange of Motion, ArticularRotationSpineTorsoWeight-Bearing

Identifiers

PMID33298988
PMCPMC7725813

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.