ArticleNPJ vaccines2020
The R2 non-neuroinvasive HSV-1 vaccine affords protection from genital HSV-2 infections in a guinea pig model.
Article in NPJ vaccines, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 26 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
26 citing papers in PubMed, 35 citations in OpenAlex.
- Direct comparison of three herpes simplex virus-2 vaccine candidates using peripheral or mucosal routes of vaccination.Vaccine · 2026Article
- Herpes simplex virus 1 strain 17+ with R2 mutation in UL37 has residual retrograde transport.Microbiology spectrum · 2026Article
- Article
- Immunological Control of Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 Infection: A Non-Thermal Plasma-Based Approach.Viruses · 2025Review
- Animal models of human herpesvirus infection.Animal models and experimental medicine · 2025Review
- Tackling cutaneous herpes simplex virus disease with topical immunomodulators-a call to action.Clinical microbiology reviews · 2025Review
- Dendritic-cell-targeting virus-like particles as potent mRNA vaccine carriers.Nature biomedical engineering · 2025Article
- An updated review of HSV-1 infection-associated diseases and treatment, vaccine development, and vector therapy application.Virulence · 2024Review
- The immunobiology of corneal HSV-1 infection and herpetic stromal keratitis.Clinical microbiology reviews · 2024Review
- Immunogenicity and protective efficacy of a recombinant lactococcus lactis vaccine against HSV-1 infection.Microbial cell factories · 2024Article
- Immunological Considerations for the Development of an Effective Herpes Vaccine.Microorganisms · 2024Review
- A review of HSV pathogenesis, vaccine development, and advanced applications.Molecular biomedicine · 2024Review
- Very Broadly Effective Hemagglutinin-Directed Influenza Vaccines with Anti-Herpetic Activity.Vaccines · 2024Article
- The HSV-1 pUL37 protein promotes cell invasion by regulating the kinesin-1 motor.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2024Article
- Summary of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention/National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases Joint Workshop on Genital Herpes: 3-4 November 2022.Open forum infectious diseases · 2024Review
- Unique Attributes of Guinea Pigs as New Models to Study Ocular Herpes Pathophysiology and Recurrence.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2023Article
- Advances in Alpha Herpes Viruses Vaccines for Human.Vaccines · 2023Review
- Review
- Towards a comprehensive view of the herpes B virus.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Review
- Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Herpes simplex virus (HSV) infections are common and can cause severe illness but no vaccine is currently available. The recent failure of subunit HSV vaccines has highlighted the need for vaccines that present a diverse array of antigens, including the development of next-generation live-attenuated vaccines. However, most attenuated HSV strains propagate poorly, limiting their ability to elicit protective immune responses. A live-attenuated vaccine that replicates in non-neural tissue but is ablated for transmission into the nervous system may elicit protective immune responses without evoking neurologic complications or establishing life-long infections. Initial studies of R2, a live-attenuated vaccine that is engineered to be unable to invade the nervous system, used the guinea pig genital HSV model to evaluate the ability of R2 to replicate at the site of inoculation, cause disease and infect neural tissues. R2 was then evaluated as a vaccine using three routes of inoculation: intramuscular (IM), intradermal (ID) and intravaginal (IVag) and compared to IM administered gD2+MPL/Alum vaccine in the same model. R2 replicated in the genital tract but did not produce acute or recurrent disease and did not infect the neural tissue. The R2 vaccine-induced neutralizing antibody and decreased the severity of acute and recurrent HSV-2 disease as well as recurrent shedding. The ID route was the most effective. ID administered R2 was more effective than gD2+MPL/Alum at inducing neutralizing antibody, suppressing acute disease, and acute vaginal virus replication. R2 was especially more effective at reducing recurrent virus shedding, the most common source of HSV transmission. The live-attenuated prophylactic HSV vaccine, R2, was effective in the guinea pig model of genital HSV-2 especially when administered by the ID route. The use of live-attenuated HSV vaccines that robustly replicate in mucosal tissues but are ablated for neuroinvasion offers a promising approach for HSV vaccines.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.