ReviewNPJ microgravity2020
Red risks for a journey to the red planet: The highest priority human health risks for a mission to Mars.
Review in NPJ microgravity, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 136 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
136 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Flexible robotic platforms for surgical applications in microgravity environments: a comprehensive systematic review of minimally invasive mechatronic systems and the impact of artificial intelligence on behalf of the Center for Space Systems (C-SET) & TROGSS-The Robotic Global Surgical Society.Journal of robotic surgery · 2025Pooled it
- Microgravity-induced changes in skeletal muscle and possible countermeasures: What we can learn from bed rest and human space studies.Experimental physiology · 2026Review
- An eye on long-duration spaceflight: Controversies, countermeasures and challenges.Experimental physiology · 2026Review
- Boron nitride nanotube fibers with over 1 GPa strength and 1000 °C stability for exceptional neutron shielding textiles.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Decoding the space integrome: Personalized countermeasures for a mission to Mars.Experimental physiology · 2026Article
- Jumping in simulated lunar gravity with blood flow restriction as a potential exercise countermeasure: The acute physiological effects.Experimental physiology · 2026Article
- Perspectives on ionizing radiation and Parkinson's disease.NPJ Parkinson's disease · 2026Review
- γ-radiation reduces phosphorylated-tau in rhesus macaque brains: potential implications for Alzheimer's disease and other tauopathies.Alzheimer's research & therapy · 2026Article
- Automated behavioral segmentation and markerless pose tracking of mice during spaceflight.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Cardiovascular risks and hazards associated with deep space exploration.Communications medicine · 2026Review
- Social interactions in isolated, confined, and extreme environments: A study of Antarctic winter teams using wearable sensors.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2026Article
- Simulated Mars Gravity Impairs Intestinal Epithelial Barrier Integrity via Selective Modulation of Tight Junction Components.Biomolecules · 2026Article
- Galactic cosmic radiation produces sex-specific, circuit-selective cognitive vulnerability: countermeasure trade-offs revealed by multi-domain assessment.Research square · 2026Article
- Cardiovascular Exercise Physiology Under Hypoxia, Microgravity, and Heat Stress: A Review with Public Health Implications.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2026Review
- Article
- γ-Radiation Reduces phosphorylated-Tau in RhesusMacaque Brains: Potential Implications forAlzheimer's Disease and other Tauopathies.Research square · 2026Article
- Integrating Space Sexology Into Long-Duration Mission Architecture: A Five-Pillar Operational Framework.Cureus · 2026Review
- Triboelectric Nanogenerators for Future Space Missions.Nano-micro letters · 2026Review
- Animal-assisted resilience in space exploration: a human factors approach to astronaut behavioral health.Frontiers in psychology · 2026Article
- Proximity measurements for objective assessments of crew cohesion in an antarctic space analog environment.Frontiers in psychology · 2026Article
76 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
NASA's plans for space exploration include a return to the Moon to stay-boots back on the lunar surface with an orbital outpost. This station will be a launch point for voyages to destinations further away in our solar system, including journeys to the red planet Mars. To ensure success of these missions, health and performance risks associated with the unique hazards of spaceflight must be adequately controlled. These hazards-space radiation, altered gravity fields, isolation and confinement, closed environments, and distance from Earth-are linked with over 30 human health risks as documented by NASA's Human Research Program. The programmatic goal is to develop the tools and technologies to adequately mitigate, control, or accept these risks. The risks ranked as "red" have the highest priority based on both the likelihood of occurrence and the severity of their impact on human health, performance in mission, and long-term quality of life. These include: (1) space radiation health effects of cancer, cardiovascular disease, and cognitive decrements (2) Spaceflight-Associated Neuro-ocular Syndrome (3) behavioral health and performance decrements, and (4) inadequate food and nutrition. Evaluation of the hazards and risks in terms of the space exposome-the total sum of spaceflight and lifetime exposures and how they relate to genetics and determine the whole-body outcome-will provide a comprehensive picture of risk profiles for individual astronauts. In this review, we provide a primer on these "red" risks for the research community. The aim is to inform the development of studies and projects with high potential for generating both new knowledge and technologies to assist with mitigating multisystem risks to crew health during exploratory missions.
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.