ReviewBMB reports2021
The blood cerebrospinal fluid barrier orchestrates immunosurveillance, immunoprotection, and immunopathology in the central nervous system.
Review in BMB reports, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 23 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
23 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Cytokines and inflammatory biomarkers and their association with post-operative delirium: a meta-analysis and systematic review.Scientific reports · 2025Pooled it
- The neuroimmune network in Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases: from mechanistic insights to biomarker-guided immunotherapies and clinical translation.Inflammopharmacology · 2026Review
- The Forgotten Gate: Choroid Plexus and Blood-CSF Barrier in Arboviral Encephalitis.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Decoding Cerebrospinal Fluid: Integrative Metabolomics Across Multiple Platforms.Methods and protocols · 2026Article
- Blood-brain barrier dysfunction and peripheral immune activation in Alzheimer's disease: an inflammation-centered review.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Role of Neutrophils in Homeostasis and Diseases.MedComm · 2025Review
- Human induced neural progenitor cells generated from three-dimensional aggregate-based culture significantly improve post-stroke recovery in tMCAO mice.Stem cell research & therapy · 2025Article
- Relevance of choroid plexus volumes in multiple sclerosis.Fluids and barriers of the CNS · 2025Article
- Viruses and the Brain-A Relationship Prone to Trouble.Viruses · 2025Review
- The Role of Chronic Inflammation in Pediatric Cancer.Cancers · 2025Review
- Circadian influences on central nervous system barriers and the glymphatic system.Frontiers in physiology · 2025Review
- Role of the afferent lymph as an immunological conduit to analyze tissue antigenic and inflammatory load.Cell reports · 2024Article
- SARS-CoV-2 induces blood-brain barrier and choroid plexus barrier impairments and vascular inflammation in mice.Journal of medical virology · 2024Article
- Microglia and Systemic Immunity.Advances in neurobiology · 2024Review
- Role of neuroinflammation in neurodegeneration development.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2023Review
- Intrathecal Pseudodelivery of Drugs in the Therapy of Neurodegenerative Diseases: Rationale, Basis and Potential Applications.Pharmaceutics · 2023Review
- The interplay between T helper cells and brain barriers in the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis.Frontiers in cellular neuroscience · 2023Review
- Advances in brain barriers and brain fluids research in 2021: great progress in a time of adversity.Fluids and barriers of the CNS · 2022Article
- West Nile Virus Neuroinfection in Humans: Peripheral Biomarkers of Neuroinflammation and Neuronal Damage.Viruses · 2022Article
- A Breakdown of Immune Tolerance in the Cerebellum.Brain sciences · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Once characterized as an immune privileged area, recent scientific advances have demonstrated that the central nervous system (CNS) is both immunologically active and a specialized site. The anatomical and cellular features of the brain barriers, the glia limitans, and other superficial coverings of the CNS endow the brain with specificity for immune cell entry and other macro- and micro-elements to the brain. Cellular trafficking via barriers comprised of tightly junctioned non-fenestrated endothelium or tightly regulated fenestrated epithelium results in different phenotypic and cellular changes in the brain, that is, inflammatory versus regulatory changes. Based on emerging evidence, we described the unique ability of the blood cerebrospinal fluid barrier (BCSFB) to recruit, skew, and suppress immune cells. Additionally, we sum up the current knowledge on both cellular and molecular mechanisms governed by the choroid plexus and the cerebrospinal fluid at the BCSFB for immunosurveillance, immunoprotection, and immunopathology. [BMB Reports 2021; 54(4): 196-202].
Indexed as
Identifiers
33298242PMC8093941What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.