ReviewLaboratory animal research2020
The 'R' principles in laboratory animal experiments.
Review in Laboratory animal research, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 56 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
56 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 82 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pooled it
- Artificial intelligence-based automated scoring of the mouse grimace scale: a systematic review.Pain reports · 2026Review
- A macrophage-intestinal organoid co-culture model captures balanced epithelial homeostasis and inflammation.Stem cell reports · 2026Article
- PHYTO-PET - Imaging plant physiology on a long-axial field-of-view PET scanner.European journal of nuclear medicine and molecular imaging · 2026Article
- An Optimized RT-qPCR Protocol for Comprehensive Analysis of microRNAs and mRNAs inNon-coding RNA · 2026Article
- Preclinical Rat Models in Oral Implant Dentistry: A Scoping Review of Study Design and Experimental Practices.Dentistry journal · 2026Review
- Animal models in molecular biology research: Challenges, ethical imperatives, and the path to human-relevant translation.Animal models and experimental medicine · 2026Review
- Chronic kidney disease induces a distinct lipidomic signature and accelerates atherosclerosis progression in a novel minipig model.Laboratory animal research · 2026Article
- Models of the human heart for biomedical research: Opportunities and challenges.Physiological reports · 2026Review
- Inhibitory GABAergic Neuron Loss due to Oxidative Damage During Ex Vivo Acute Brain Slice Preparation Influences Genesis and Dynamics of Epileptiform Activity.Journal of neurochemistry · 2026Article
- Antitumor Evaluation of Rhenium-188 and Paclitaxel Co-Delivered via Thermosensitive Hydrogel in a Hepatocellular Carcinoma Animal Model.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Profibrotic predictive toxicology in the lung.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2026Article
- Surgical induction model of femoral defect in Wistar rats for bone repair histology.Brazilian journal of medical and biological research = Revista brasileira de pesquisas medicas e biologicas · 2026Article
- Alopecia management from a comparative perspective: pharmacological and pharmaceutical insights in humans, dogs, and cats.Frontiers in veterinary science · 2026Review
- Concurrent Use of Tasipimidine Oral Solution and Clomipramine in Dogs.Journal of veterinary pharmacology and therapeutics · 2025Article
- Article
- The deacetylases HDAC1/HDAC2 control JAK2Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2025Article
- Best Practices in the Development and Use of Experimental Models of Bacterial Pneumonia: An Official American Thoracic Society Workshop Report.American journal of respiratory cell and molecular biology · 2025Article
- Spray-DriedPlants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- hERG toxicity prediction in early drug discovery using extreme gradient boosting and isometric stratified ensemble mapping.Scientific reports · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Since the Three Rs of replacement, reduction and refinement was proposed by Russel and Birch in 1959, researchers have a moral duty to minimize harm to animals. Even though animal experiments are performed by the Three Rs concept, animal researches which do not comply with international rules and standards are not accepted as well. As animal welfare has been important global issues, the methods to assess animal welfare compromise and distress have been proposed. Humanity is accepted as the goal of the Three Rs, however, another fourth R, 'Refusal' of fruitless protocol or 'Responsibility' for the experimental animal and social, scientific status of the animal experiments has been proposed. After establishing goals of animal research in a respective society, reliable knowledge can be obtained while improving laboratory animal welfare.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.