ArticleInternational journal of molecular sciences2020
Sensitivity of Rodent Microglia to Kynurenines in Models of Epilepsy and Inflammation In Vivo and In Vitro: Microglia Activation is Inhibited by Kynurenic Acid and the Synthetic Analogue SZR104.
Article in International journal of molecular sciences, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers.
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Who cites it
15 citing papers in PubMed, 15 citations in OpenAlex.
- Kynurenine pathway dysregulation in attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder: Impact on N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors and phasic dopamine maturation.World journal of clinical pediatrics · 2026Review
- Epilepsy as a Disorder of Neuroimmune Metabolism: The Kynurenine Pathway as a Link Between Cognitive and Psychiatric Dysfunction.Biomolecules · 2026Review
- The kynurenine pathway storm in epilepsy: mechanisms and therapeutic implications.Acta epileptologica · 2026Review
- Modulation of the Kynurenine Pathway: A New Approach for Treating Neurodegeneration.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Tryptophan Metabolism in Neurodevelopment and Its Implications For Neurodevelopmental Disorders.Molecular neurobiology · 2025Review
- The Role of Neuroinflammation and Network Anomalies in Drug-Resistant Epilepsy.Neuroscience bulletin · 2025Review
- The Biology and Biochemistry of Kynurenic Acid, a Potential Nutraceutical with Multiple Biological Effects.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- The kynurenic acid analog SZR104 induces cytomorphological changes associated with the anti-inflammatory phenotype in cultured microglia.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- The function of previously unappreciated exerkines secreted by muscle in regulation of neurodegenerative diseases.Frontiers in molecular neuroscience · 2023Review
- Antidepressant mechanisms of ketamine: a review of actions with relevance to treatment-resistance and neuroprogression.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2023Review
- Modelling the neurodevelopmental pathogenesis in neuropsychiatric disorders. Bioactive kynurenines and their analogues as neuroprotective agents-in celebration of 80th birthday of Professor Peter Riederer.Journal of neural transmission (Vienna, Austria : 1996) · 2022Review
- Kynurenic Acid and Its Analog SZR104 Exhibit Strong Antiinflammatory Effects and Alter the Intracellular Distribution and Methylation Patterns of H3 Histones in Immunochallenged Microglia-Enriched Cultures of Newborn Rat Brains.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Article
- Hippocampal Sclerosis in Pilocarpine Epilepsy: Survival of Peptide-Containing Neurons and Learning and Memory Disturbances in the Adult NMRI Strain Mouse.International journal of molecular sciences · 2021Article
- Review
- Neurodegeneration in Multiple Sclerosis: Symptoms of Silent Progression, Biomarkers and Neuroprotective Therapy-Kynurenines Are Important Players.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
10 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Kynurenic acid is an endogenous modulator of ionotropic glutamate receptors and a suppressor of the immune system. Since glutamate and microglia are important in the pathogenesis of epilepsy, we investigated the possible action of the synthetic kynurenic acid analogue, SZR104, in epileptic mice and the action of kynurenic acid and SZR104 on the phagocytotic activity of cultured microglia cells. Pilocarpine epilepsy was used to test the effects of SZR104 on morphological microglia transformation, as evaluated through ionized calcium-binding adaptor molecule 1 (Iba1) immunohistochemistry. Microglia-enriched rat secondary cultures were used to investigate phagocytosis of fluorescent microbeads and Iba1 protein synthesis in control and lipopolysaccharide-challenged cultures. SZR104 inhibited microglia transformation following status epilepticus. Kynurenic acid and SZR104 inhibited lipopolysaccharide-stimulated phagocytotic activity of microglia cells. Although kynurenic acid and its analogues proved to be glutamate receptor antagonists, their immunosuppressive action was dominant in epilepsy. The inhibition of phagocytosis in vitro raised the possibility of the inhibition of genes encoding inflammatory cytokines in microglial cells.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.