SynthesisIntervirology2020
Association of Sex, Age, and Comorbidities with Mortality in COVID-19 Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.
Synthesis in Intervirology, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 5 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 210 papers, 11 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
A Multicenter, Randomized, Double Blind, Controlled, Phase III Clinical Trial (Immunobridging Study) of Vaksin Merah Putih - UA SARS-CoV-2 (Vero Cell Inactivated) in Healthy Population Aged 18 Years and Above
Immunobridging Study: Immunogenicity and Safety of Vaksin Merah Putih - UA SARS-CoV-2 (Vero Cell Inactivated) Vaccine as Heterologue Booster in Adult Subjects in Indonesia
Immunobridging Study: Immunogenicity and Safety of INAVAC (Vaksin Merah Putih - UNAIR SARS-CoV-2 (Vero Cell Inactivated)) Vaccine as Homologue Booster in Adult Subjects in Indonesia
Immunobridging Study: Immunogenicity and Safety of INAVAC (Vaksin Merah Putih - UNAIR SARS-CoV-2 (Vero Cell Inactivated)) as Heterologue Booster in Adolescent Subjects in Indonesia
An Open Label, Phase III Clinical Trial (Immunobridging Study) of INAVAC (Vaksin Merah Putih - UA-SARS CoV-2 (Vero Cell Inactivated)) in Healthy Population Aged 12 to 17 Years Old
Who cites it
210 citing papers in PubMed, 11 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Incidence and burden of long COVID in Africa: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Scientific reports · 2023Pooled it
- Risk Factors Associated with Severity and Death from COVID-19 in Iran: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Study.Journal of intensive care medicine · 2023Pooled it
- Prevalence of hypertension and associated risks in hospitalized patients with COVID-19: a meta-analysis of meta-analyses with 1468 studies and 1,281,510 patients.Systematic reviews · 2022Pooled it
- Outcomes of patients with HIV and COVID-19 co-infection: a systematic review and meta-analysis.AIDS research and therapy · 2022Pooled it
- Potential factors influencing COVID-19 vaccine acceptance and hesitancy: A systematic review.PloS one · 2022Pooled it
- Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio is independently associated with COVID-19 severity: An updated meta-analysis based on adjusted effect estimates.International journal of laboratory hematology · 2021Pooled it
- Pre-existing health conditions and severe COVID-19 outcomes: an umbrella review approach and meta-analysis of global evidence.BMC medicine · 2021Pooled it
- A systematic review and meta-analysis of geographic differences in comorbidities and associated severity and mortality among individuals with COVID-19.Scientific reports · 2021Pooled it
- Meta-Analysis of Atrial Fibrillation in Patients With COVID-19.The American journal of cardiology · 2021Pooled it
- Association of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin-receptor blockers with risk of mortality, severity or SARS-CoV-2 test positivity in COVID-19 patients: meta-analysis.Scientific reports · 2021Pooled it
- Improved COVID-19 Outcomes following Statin Therapy: An Updated Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.BioMed research international · 2021Pooled it
- Impact of COVID-19 on TB and HIV/AIDS severity in low- and middle-income countries: a systematic review.Dialogues in health · 2026Review
- SARS-CoV-2 Infection-Induced Alterations in ADAR Editing Patterns Differ Between Patients Who Developed Critical Compared to Non-Critical COVID-19.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Predicting COVID-19 Mortality Risk Among Cardiovascular Disease Patients Using Artificial Intelligence Algorithms: A Retrospective Study on Clinical Data.Health science reports · 2026Article
- Racial and Ethnic Differences in COVID-19 Disease Severity Among US Adults in Health Systems Participating in PCORnet®: May 2020-October 2022.Medical care · 2026Article
- Observational
- Work-Related Exposures Mediate Occupational Class Disparities in SARS-CoV-2 Infection in France.International journal of public health · 2026Article
- Effect of Comorbidities on In-hospital COVID-19 Mortality across Age Groups: A Retrospective Cohort Study in Iran.Medical journal of the Islamic Republic of Iran · 2026Article
- Exploring the biological mechanisms of severe COVID-19 in the elderly: Insights from an aged mouse model.Virulence · 2025Article
- Impact of ACEI/ARB use on COVID-19 mortality in patients with ischaemic heart disease: insights from South Korean National health insurance service data.BMC infectious diseases · 2025Article
150 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
introductionAlthough severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 infection is causing mortality in considerable proportion of coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) patients, however, evidence for the association of sex, age, and comorbidities on the risk of mortality is not well-aggregated yet. It was aimed to assess the association of sex, age, and comorbidities with mortality in COVID-2019 patients.
methodsLiteratures were searched using different keywords in various databases. Relative risks (RRs) were calculated by RevMan software where statistical significance was set as p < 0.05.
resultsCOVID-19 male patients were associated with significantly increased risk of mortality compared to females (RR 1.86: 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.67-2.07; p < 0.00001). Patients with age ≥50 years were associated with 15.4-folds significantly increased risk of mortality compared to patients with age <50 years (RR 15.44: 95% CI 13.02-18.31; p < 0.00001). Comorbidities were also associated with significantly increased risk of mortality; kidney disease (RR 4.90: 95% CI 3.04-7.88; p < 0.00001), cereborovascular disease (RR 4.78; 95% CI 3.39-6.76; p < 0.00001), cardiovascular disease (RR 3.05: 95% CI 2.20-4.25; p < 0.00001), respiratory disease (RR 2.74: 95% CI 2.04-3.67; p < 0.00001), diabetes (RR 1.97: 95% CI 1.48-2.64; p < 0.00001), hypertension (RR 1.95: 95% CI 1.58-2.40; p < 0.00001), and cancer (RR 1.89; 95% CI 1.25-2.84; p = 0.002) but not liver disease (RR 1.64: 95% CI 0.82-3.28; p= 0.16).
conclusionImplementation of adequate protection and interventions for COVID-19 patients in general and in particular male patients with age ≥50 years having comorbidities may significantly reduce risk of mortality associated with COVID-19.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.