ArticleJournal of neurophysiology2021
Using asymmetry to your advantage: learning to acquire and accept external assistance during prolonged split-belt walking.
Article in Journal of neurophysiology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 40 papers.
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Who cites it
40 citing papers in PubMed.
- Enhanced motor learning and motor savings after acute intermittent hypoxia are associated with a reduction in metabolic cost.The Journal of physiology · 2024Trial
- A passive exoskeleton can assist split-belt adaptation.Experimental brain research · 2022Trial
- Adaptive mediolateral control during split-belt walking: Energetics of interlimb coordination and enhanced savings following acute intermittent hypoxia.Experimental physiology · 2026Article
- Adaptation-dependent modulation of coordinated muscle activities in human gait adaptation as revealed by tensor decomposition.iScience · 2026Article
- Quantifying human adaptation to a novel split-belt walking condition after broad experience at different belt speeds.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Article
- Gait Adaptation to Asymmetric Foot-Ground Compliance Applied by Robotic Footwear.IEEE transactions on neural systems and rehabilitation engineering : a publication of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society · 2026Article
- Design and Characterization of the AdjuSST: An Adjustable Surface Stiffness Treadmill.IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics : a joint publication of the IEEE Industrial Electronics Society and the ASME Dynamic Systems and Control Division · 2025Article
- A model of the cerebellum generates gait adaptations in a reflex-based neuromusculoskeletal model during split-belt walking.Journal of neuroengineering and rehabilitation · 2025Article
- A model of the cerebellum generates gait adaptations in a reflex-based neuromusculoskeletal model during split-belt walking.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Age and self-selected walking speed impact the generalization of locomotor memories across contexts.Journal of neurophysiology · 2025Article
- Intermittent hypoxia-induced enhancements in corticospinal excitability predict gains in motor learning and metabolic efficiency.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Author response to Panza et al.The Journal of physiology · 2025Article
- Article
- Identification of Subtypes of Post-Stroke and Neurotypical Gait Behaviors Using Neural Network Analysis of Gait Cycle Kinematics.IEEE transactions on neural systems and rehabilitation engineering : a publication of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society · 2025Article
- The dual timescales of gait adaptation: initial stability adjustments followed by subsequent energetic cost adjustments.The Journal of experimental biology · 2024Article
- Exploration-based learning of a stabilizing controller predicts locomotor adaptation.Nature communications · 2024Article
- Explicit and implicit locomotor learning in individuals with chronic hemiparetic stroke.Journal of neurophysiology · 2024Article
- Explicit and implicit locomotor learning in individuals with chronic hemiparetic stroke.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2024Article
- Associations between asymmetry and reactive balance control during split-belt walking.Journal of biomechanics · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
Abstract
People can learn to exploit external assistance during walking to reduce energetic cost. For example, walking on a split-belt treadmill affords the opportunity for people to redistribute the mechanical work performed by the legs to gain assistance from the difference in belts' speed and reduce energetic cost. Though we know what people should do to acquire this assistance, this strategy is not observed during typical adaptation studies. We hypothesized that extending the time allotted for adaptation would result in participants adopting asymmetric step lengths to increase the assistance they can acquire from the treadmill. Here, participants walked on a split-belt treadmill for 45 min while we measured spatiotemporal gait variables, metabolic cost, and mechanical work. We show that when people are given sufficient time to adapt, they naturally learn to step further forward on the fast belt, acquire positive mechanical work from the treadmill, and reduce the positive work performed by the legs. We also show that spatiotemporal adaptation and energy optimization operate over different timescales: people continue to reduce energetic cost even after spatiotemporal changes have plateaued. Our findings support the idea that walking with symmetric step lengths, which is traditionally thought of as the endpoint of adaptation, is only a point in the process by which people learn to take advantage of the assistance provided by the treadmill. These results provide further evidence that reducing energetic cost is central in shaping adaptive locomotion, but this process occurs over more extended timescales than those used in typical studies.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.