ArticleDer Orthopade2021
[The influence of backpack weight in school children: gait, muscle activity, posture and stability].
Article in Der Orthopade, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
6 citing papers in PubMed, 13 citations in OpenAlex.
- Effect of School Backpack Weight on Shape of Children's Feet.Medical science monitor : international medical journal of experimental and clinical research · 2026Article
- Effect of luggage type on gait parameters using in-shoe motion sensors.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Exploring musculoskeletal discomfort and school bag loads among Thai primary school students: a school-based cross-sectional survey.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Analytical parameters to check association between load carriage system and bag packs-influenced musculoskeletal complications among school going students: a scoping review.Physical activity and nutrition · 2023Article
- Influence of School Backpack Load as a Variable Affecting Gait Kinematics among Seven-Year-Old Children.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Article
- Neglected problem: Influence of school bag on lumbar segment in children.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundWearing a school backpack every day may cause postural problems and affect the gait pattern of children and adolescents. The aim of the present study was to analyze the influence of a 4 kg backpack load on the gait pattern and postural sway.
objectivesThe aim of the present study was to analyze the influence of a backpack load of 4 kg on the gait and postural sway of elementary school children. MATERIAL AND
methodsIn this prospective study, a group of 12 elementary school children aged between 7 and 10 years without neurological or orthopedic problems participated. The measurements included a clinical examination, three-dimensional gait analysis with electromyographic recordings and measurement of postural sway on a force plate.
resultsThe backpack load, on average 15% of the body weight, led to a slower walking speed, shorter step length and increased double-support phase. Increased anterior pelvic and trunk tilt, as well as hip flexion were also observed. Furthermore, the muscle activity and postural sway of the children were affected by the increased load.
conclusionsSchool backpacks weighing 4 kg caused changes in gait, muscle activity, posture and stability in elementary school children. Due to the weight of the backpack, the centre of mass shifted backwards and the children became less stable. During gait, this was compensated by increased anterior pelvic and trunk tilt and increased hip flexion. The activity of the paraspinal muscles was decreased and indicates that the backpack is carried passively. This may cause a negative long-term effect.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.