ReviewVeterinary pathology2021
Reverse Zoonosis of COVID-19: Lessons From the 2009 Influenza Pandemic.
Review in Veterinary pathology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 17 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
17 citing papers in PubMed, 37 citations in OpenAlex.
- Human and Hunting Dog Interactions in the United States: Exploring Potential Transmission Pathways of Zoonotic Diseases and Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza Virus.Veterinary sciences · 2026Article
- Fecal virome at the human-animal interface: a one health perspective on an uncharted frontier.Animal microbiome · 2026Review
- Spike destabilization attenuates Mink Cluster 5 SARS-CoV-2.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2026Article
- Pathogen Access and Benefit-Sharing: Can the WHO Pandemic Agreement Bridge the Equity Divide?China CDC weekly · 2026Article
- Molecular Evidence of SARS-CoV-2 Virus in Dogs and Cats from Grenada.Veterinary sciences · 2025Article
- Human-bat contacts in the Netherlands, and potential risks for virus exchange.One health outlook · 2025Article
- Review
- Cell-intrinsic genomic reassortment of pandemic H1N1 2009 and Eurasian avian-like swine influenza viruses results in potentially zoonotic variants.Emerging microbes & infections · 2023Article
- Evolution and Current Status of Influenza A Virus in Chile: A Review.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- Review
- Future trajectory of SARS-CoV-2: Constant spillover back and forth between humans and animals.Virus research · 2023Review
- A linear DNA encoding the SARS-CoV-2 receptor binding domain elicits potent immune response and neutralizing antibodies in domestic cats.Molecular therapy. Methods & clinical development · 2023Article
- Reverse zoonosis and monkeypox: Time for a more advanced global surveillance system for emerging pathogens.New microbes and new infections · 2022Article
- Evaluation of a multi-species SARS-CoV-2 surrogate virus neutralization test.One health (Amsterdam, Netherlands) · 2021Article
- Serologic evidence of pandemic (H1N1) 2009 virus infection in camel and Eld's deer, Thailand.Veterinary world · 2021Article
- Live and Wet Markets: Food Access versus the Risk of Disease Emergence.Trends in microbiology · 2021Review
- Assessing the risks of SARS-CoV-2 in wildlife.One health outlook · 2021Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Over the past decade, pandemics caused by pandemic H1N1 (pH1N1) influenza virus in 2009 and severe acute respiratory syndrome virus type 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in 2019 have emerged. Both are high-impact respiratory pathogens originating from animals. Their wide distribution in the human population subsequently results in an increased risk of human-to-animal transmission: reverse zoonosis. Although there have only been rare reports of reverse zoonosis events associated with the ongoing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic from SARS-CoV-2 so far, comparison with the pH1N1 influenza pandemic can provide a better understanding of the possible consequences of such events for public and animal health. The results of our review suggest that similar factors contribute to successful crossing of the host species barriers in both pandemics. Specific risk factors include sufficient interaction between infected humans and recipient animals, suitability of the animal host factors for productive virus infection, and suitability of the animal host population for viral persistence. Of particular concern is virus spread to susceptible animal species, in which group housing and contact network structure could potentially result in an alternative virus reservoir, from which reintroduction into humans can take place. Virus exposure in high-density populations could allow sustained transmission in susceptible animal species. Identification of the risk factors and serological surveillance in SARS-CoV-2-susceptible animal species that are group-housed should help reduce the threat from reverse zoonosis of COVID-19.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.